Author

Jeffrey Todd

Jeffrey Todd is an instructor in the biology department at a community college, where he teaches introductory microbiology and immunology courses to pre-nursing undergraduates. In the classroom and teaching laboratory, he guides students through bacterial staining, sterile culture handling, and the fundamental mechanics of the human immune response. Todd completed his undergraduate studies in microbiology and earned a master of science in microbiology from Colorado State University.

How Does the Body Get Rid of Spike Protein?Immunity
What Are Inflammasomes and How Do They Work?Immunity
What Are M Cells and What Is Their Function?Biology
Pro-Resolving Mediators: What They Are and How They Work Immunity
Are Natural Killer Cells Antigen Presenting Cells?Biology
Iron Sequestration: A Key Immune Defense Mechanism Immunity
How to Scientifically Regrow the Thymus Gland Biology
What Is the MPL Adjuvant and How Does It Work?Immunity
Pattern Recognition Receptors in Immune Defense: An Overview Immunity
What Is the Classical Pathway of the Complement System?Immunity
The NLRC4 Inflammasome: A Key Immune System Defender Immunity
What Are Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns?Immunity
The Role of Type I Interferons in Immunity and Disease Immunity
Lectin Complement Pathway: Role in Host Defense and Inflammation Immunity
TLR8: A Closer Look at Its Role in Human Inflammation Immunity
What Is TCR Diversity and Why Is It Important?Immunity
What Is the B Cell Repertoire and How Does It Work?Immunity
What Is the Inflammatory Cascade? A Biological Process Immunity
What Is Immunosenescence and How Does It Affect You?Immunity
What Is IL-17? Its Role in Immunity and Disease Immunity
What Does Polyclonal Mean for an Immune Response?Immunity
How Are B-Cells Activated? The Two Main Pathways Immunity
What Is Immunogenicity and Why Does It Matter?Immunity
What Is the Complement System and How Does It Work?Immunity
What Are Acute Phase Proteins and How Do They Work?Immunity
What Does Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Do in the Immune System?Immunity
When Do Helper T-Cells Develop Into Th1 or Th2 Cells?Biology
What Do Th17 Cells Do in Immunity and Disease?Biology
What Are Th17 Cells and What Do They Do?Biology
How Are Antigens Produced and Processed?Immunity