Author

Gloria E. Cotton

With National Board Certification in secondary science, Gloria E. Cotton spent her career teaching high school chemistry in public school classrooms before retiring from the district. She explains atomic structure and fundamental chemical properties. Cotton now helps run hands-on lab experiments as a volunteer with a local teen science club.

What Happens to Atoms During a Chemical Reaction?Chemistry
Why Does Atomic Radius Increase as You Go Down a Group?Chemistry
What Are the Properties of Halogens?Chemistry
What Happens When an Atom Loses an Electron?Chemistry
When Are Atoms Stable and How Do They Achieve Stability?Chemistry
What Happens to an Atom When It Loses Electrons?Chemistry
What Determines the Reactivity of an Atom?Chemistry
What Was Dalton’s Experiment for the Atomic Theory?Chemistry
Why Do Metals Lose Electrons and Nonmetals Gain Electrons?Chemistry
What Determines an Atom’s Identity?Chemistry
What Did Mendeleev Predict for the Periodic Table?Chemistry
Why Can’t an Atom Lose or Gain a Proton?Chemistry
What Is a Core Electron and How Do You Find It?Chemistry
When Is an Atom Neutral? The Balance of Charges Chemistry
The Difference Between Ground State and Excited State Physics
Bohr Model: How Many Electrons in Each Shell?Chemistry
Why Is Chlorine Reactive? Its Atomic Structure Explained Chemistry
What Makes Elements Reactive? The Role of Electrons Chemistry
What Is a Main Group Element on the Periodic Table?Chemistry
What Is a Valence Shell and Why Is It Important?Chemistry
Why Do Electrons Become Delocalised in Metals?Physics
Why Was Dalton’s Theory of the Atom Incorrect?Chemistry
What Is Zeff in Chemistry and Why Does It Matter?Chemistry
What Is the SI Periodic Table and How Is It Defined?Chemistry
Is the Periodic Table Complete or Are There More Elements?Chemistry
What Is the Valency of Oxygen and Why Is It 2?Chemistry
What Is Atomic Size and How Is It Measured?Chemistry
How to Find the Number of Electrons in an Element Chemistry
Why Do Different Elements Emit Different Colors?Chemistry
How Do Isotopes Differ From Each Other?Chemistry