Earth & Space Page 639

More in Earth & Space

  1. How Much Is a Piece of Meteorite Worth?

    The monetary value of a meteorite varies wildly. We explain how to confirm authenticity, what classification means for price, and the factors that define extreme rarity.

    By Juan Torres
  2. What Is the Role of Gravity in Our Solar System?

    The omnipresent force of gravity governs the Solar System, dictating orbits, defining planetary structure, and causing dynamic effects like tides.

    By Rosalind Byrne
  3. What Is Under the Sand at the Beach?

    Uncover the dynamic transition from surface sediment to a thriving ecosystem of hidden life and ancient geological layers.

    By Audrey Carter
  4. Why Do We Need the Moon?

    Explore how the Moon fundamentally governs Earth’s climate stability, tidal rhythms, and the conditions necessary for complex life.

    By Travis Lund
  5. Which Planet Has the Most Eccentric Orbit?

    Understand planetary orbit shapes, why some are highly elliptical, and how this stretching impacts a planet’s speed and environment.

    By Scott Shaw
  6. What Type of Rock Is Ruby Found In?

    Ruby is a mineral, not a rock. Learn its composition, the source of its red hue, and the metamorphic and igneous environments it needs to grow.

    By Pablo Delgado
  7. What Is the Largest Volcanic Crater on Earth?

    We define the world’s largest volcanic feature, explaining the science behind how super-eruptions form structures of this scale.

    By Keisha Boateng
  8. What Does Air Density Have to Do With Weather Fronts?

    Explore the fundamental role air density plays in forming weather fronts. Learn how gravity and displacement govern all atmospheric boundaries.

    By Roger Stevens
  9. What Is the Color of Corundum and What Causes It?

    Discover the science behind corundum’s vibrant colors. Learn how trace elements transform this colorless mineral into vivid rubies and sapphires.

    By Pablo Delgado
  10. What Separates Madagascar From Mainland Africa?

    Uncover the deep history—from continental drift to modern geography—that isolated Madagascar and fueled its singular biodiversity.

    By Emily Parker
  11. What Is the Order of the Planets From the Sun?

    Explore the eight planets in order, understanding how distance from the Sun dictates composition, grouping, and the solar system’s boundaries.

    By Rosalind Byrne
  12. What Is a Geographical Map and How Does It Work?

    Learn the science behind geographical maps, from basic definitions to the complex math of map projections and unavoidable distortions.

    By Emily Parker
  13. What Are the Names of Neptune’s 14 Moons?

    Discover the full list of Neptune’s 14 satellites. Understand the extreme diversity and complexity of this system, featuring captured objects and orbital extremes.

    By Scott Shaw
  14. What Is the Largest Moment Magnitude Ever Recorded?

    Explore the science behind the Moment Magnitude Scale ($M_w$), identifying the M9.5 world record, and examining the geological constraints on maximum earthquake size.

    By Cody Boswell