Zygopetalum orchids are known for their striking appearance, vibrant colors, and delightful fragrance. Originating from various regions in South America, the genus Zygopetalum includes both epiphytic and terrestrial species. Their beauty and fragrance make them a popular choice among plant enthusiasts.
Key Features of Zygopetalums
Their flowers typically exhibit a waxy texture and often present in shades of green, brown, purple, and white. A prominent feature is their contrasting labellum (lip), which frequently displays intricate patterns of stripes, spots, or specks in shades like purple, indigo, or fuchsia. Many varieties are celebrated for their strong, sweet fragrance, sometimes filling an entire room with scents reminiscent of hyacinth or black pepper.
These orchids grow from ovoid to conical pseudobulbs, which are swollen stems that store water and nutrients. From these pseudobulbs emerge glossy, strap-like leaves that can reach up to 2 feet in length. The flowers are borne on tall, erect spikes that typically extend beyond the foliage, creating a visually impressive display.
Popular Zygopetalum Species
Zygopetalum maculatum, native to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, is often found in wet, moss-covered areas at elevations between 1,100 to 2,500 meters. This species produces fragrant flowers, typically 4-8 cm wide, that are green with red-brown markings and a white lip accented with violet. Its blooms can last for several months if pollinated, a notable trait.
Another species is Zygopetalum intermedium, also from Brazil and Peru. This species is robust and relatively easy to grow, making it suitable for beginners. Its flowers often display blue tints, a highly sought-after color in orchids.
Zygopetalum maxillare, sometimes called the “Chin-Bone Zygopetalum,” is native to humid forests in Brazil and Paraguay. This species features fragrant, waxy flowers, around 6 cm in diameter, with burgundy-brown sepals and petals, and a striking dark purple lip with a purple-white tip. Its name refers to the distinctive jaw-like appearance of the flower’s lip.
Common Zygopetalum Hybrids
Hybridization has expanded the variety and availability of Zygopetalum orchids, creating plants with enhanced characteristics. These hybrids often exhibit larger flowers, more vigorous growth, increased fragrance, or novel color combinations not typically found in pure species.
Popular hybrids include ‘Advance Australia’, known for its sweet, non-overpowering fragrance, and ‘Artur Elle’, which produces scented, eye-catching flowers. Hybrids like ‘Blue Birds’ feature deep blue-purple blooms with a white, spotted lip. These cultivated varieties offer a wider range of appearances and improved adaptability for home growing compared to their wild counterparts.
General Growing Tips for Zygopetalums
Zygopetalums thrive in bright, indirect light, ideally between 1500 to 3000 foot-candles. Direct sunlight can scorch their leaves, indicated by yellowing foliage, while dark green leaves may suggest insufficient light.
These orchids prefer consistent moisture but should not be left in soggy conditions. Water thoroughly when the top layer of the potting mix begins to dry; in warm, dry weather, this might mean watering 2-3 times per week. Zygopetalums prefer intermediate temperatures, with daytime temperatures ideally between 70-75°F (21-24°C) and night temperatures between 58-62°F (14-17°C). A 10-15°F drop in night temperature can help trigger flowering.
High humidity, around 50-70%, is beneficial, especially during new pseudobulb formation. Good air circulation is important to prevent fungal issues in humid environments. A well-draining, porous potting mix, such as one containing bark, sphagnum moss, or perlite, promotes healthy root development.