Chiggers are present in South Dakota. These tiny creatures are not insects but rather mite larvae, belonging to the arachnid family, similar to spiders and ticks. While minuscule and difficult to spot, their presence is often revealed by the characteristic itchy welts they leave behind. Understanding these mites, their preferred environments, and how to manage their bites is helpful for anyone spending time outdoors in the region.
Chigger Presence and Habitats in South Dakota
Chiggers are found throughout the United States, thriving in areas with warm temperatures and humidity. They are especially common during the warmer months, typically from late spring through early fall, with peak activity when ground temperatures range between 77 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit. Cooler temperatures, particularly below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, significantly reduce their activity, and they cannot survive below 42 degrees Fahrenheit.
These mites inhabit various outdoor environments. They are frequently found in tall grasses, wooded areas, fields, and lawns, especially in overgrown or damp conditions. Areas near natural bodies of water, such as lakes and streams, also provide humid conditions.
Recognizing Chiggers and Their Bites
Identifying chiggers themselves is challenging due to their minute size, making them almost impossible to see. These larvae are often described as hairy and reddish, sometimes appearing orange or yellow. It is the larval stage that attaches to humans and causes bites.
The bites are noticeable and cause irritation. Chigger bites appear as itchy red bumps, sometimes resembling pimples, blisters, or hives, and often occur in clusters. The intense itching usually begins several hours after exposure and can last for several days or up to two weeks. Chiggers do not burrow into the skin; instead, they inject digestive enzymes that break down skin cells, which they then consume. Bites are frequently found in areas where clothing fits tightly, such as around the ankles, waist, or behind the knees.
Preventing and Treating Chigger Bites
Preventing chigger bites involves several steps. Keeping lawns well-trimmed and shrubbery managed can help deter them from residential areas. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks or boots, is effective. Using insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin is also effective. Treating clothing with permethrin is effective, as it repels and kills chiggers.
After returning indoors from outdoor activities, promptly showering with soap and water can help remove any unattached chiggers. Washing clothes worn outdoors in hot water is also recommended to eliminate any mites clinging to the fabric.
For treating existing chigger bites, treatment aims to alleviate itching and discomfort. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams and ointments containing ingredients like calamine, hydrocortisone, or menthol can provide relief. Oral antihistamines can also help reduce itching, especially if it interferes with sleep. Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the affected areas can soothe the skin. Avoiding excessive scratching is important to prevent skin breakage and potential secondary bacterial infections.