Wisteria is a popular ornamental plant, known for its vigorous growth and beautiful cascading blooms. A common concern for gardeners in deer-populated areas is whether these animals will browse the plant, potentially damaging its growth.
Wisteria’s Deer Resistance
Wisteria is generally considered deer-resistant, meaning deer typically avoid eating it. This resistance stems primarily from the plant’s natural toxicity and unpalatable taste. All parts of the wisteria plant, including its leaves, stems, and especially its seeds and pods, contain toxic compounds like lectin and wisterin, which can cause gastrointestinal distress in animals. While deer usually leave wisteria alone due to these deterrents, it is not entirely deer-proof.
Different wisteria species exhibit varying degrees of resistance. American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens), including cultivars like ‘Amethyst Falls’, is often noted as more deer-resistant than its Asian counterparts, such as Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda). The sweet, accessible flowers of Asian varieties might occasionally attract deer, potentially leading to some browsing, particularly on young, tender shoots or newly emerging leaves. However, even if nibbled, the plant’s inherent bitterness and toxicity usually prevent extensive damage.
Factors Influencing Deer Browsing
While wisteria is generally avoided, several factors can influence whether deer might browse it. One significant factor is the scarcity of preferred food sources. During periods of drought, harsh winters, or in areas with limited natural forage, deer may become less selective and resort to eating plants they would typically avoid. An overabundance of deer in a localized area can also increase browsing pressure on all available vegetation, including less palatable plants like wisteria.
The age and maturity of the wisteria plant can also play a role. Younger, newly planted wisteria with tender growth may be more vulnerable to exploratory browsing by deer. As the plant matures and its stems become woody, it becomes less appealing. Deer are opportunistic feeders, and their behavior can change based on immediate food availability, the season, and their past experiences with certain plant species.
Protecting Your Wisteria from Deer
Various protective measures can be implemented to protect wisteria from deer. Physical barriers, such as an 8-foot-high fence or netting for young plants, offer reliable defense. Deer repellents are useful, but require consistent reapplication, especially after rain, working by emitting unpleasant odors or tastes. Strategic planting locations, like closer to the home or within a protected area, can reduce browsing likelihood. Combining these methods provides robust protection against deer damage.