The idea that a snake actively pursues a human is a misconception, often fueled by fear. Scientific observation consistently shows that snakes do not engage in predatory “chasing” behavior toward people, as humans are too large to be considered prey. The movement people interpret as a chase is almost universally a defensive reaction or an attempt to escape a perceived threat. Understanding the difference between a snake’s survival instinct and malicious intent demystifies these encounters.
The Reality of Snake Behavior
Snakes instinctively view humans as massive predators. Their primary goal when encountering any large animal is avoidance and concealment. A snake’s default response to a human presence is to remain motionless, hoping to go unnoticed, or to flee rapidly to the nearest cover.
A snake only resorts to a defensive strike or a mock charge when it feels surprised, cornered, or physically threatened. This defensive posture is a last resort, used when flight is not an option. Confrontation is an inefficient survival strategy for the snake, as engaging a predator carries a risk of injury or death.
Actions Mistaken for Chasing
Many reports of a snake “chasing” are explained by the reptile’s desperate attempt to reach a known safe location. If a snake’s preferred hiding spot, such as a rock crevice or dense brush, lies past a human, the snake will move directly toward that refuge. To the startled person, this direct path appears to be a sudden, aggressive advance.
Another common misinterpretation occurs during a defensive display, often involving a mock charge. Certain snakes will rear up and advance a short distance to intimidate a threat, making themselves appear larger. This is an attempt to scare the perceived predator away. Once the threat retreats, the snake typically lowers its posture and moves in the opposite direction.
Sudden movements, particularly when a snake is startled, can also be misinterpreted as an attack. If a person steps near a camouflaged snake, the reptile may lash out or move quickly in any direction to escape danger. The rapid, unpredictable nature of this panicked movement is easily perceived by an observer as a deliberate pursuit.
Species Associated with Aggressive Encounters
The Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is the species most frequently cited in “chasing” folklore, but its behavior is purely defensive. This African elapid is known for its remarkable speed, capable of short bursts up to 12.5 miles per hour, which it utilizes to escape danger. When cornered, the mamba engages in an intense defensive display: flattening its neck, opening its mouth to reveal its signature black lining, and sometimes advancing while striking.
This defensive intensity is what gives the Black Mamba its fearsome reputation and leads to the misconception of aggression. Other snakes with high-strung defensive behaviors, such as the Eastern Brownsnake (Pseudonaja textilis) and the Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), are also often labeled as aggressive. In all cases, the snake attempts to discourage a large predator from coming closer, not seeking to initiate a conflict.
Preventing Defensive Encounters
The most effective way to prevent a defensive snake encounter is by remaining aware of your surroundings in areas where snakes are present. Always watch where you step and place your hands when hiking or walking through tall grass and rocky areas. Wearing protective footwear, such as thick boots, can significantly minimize the risk of injury if a snake is accidentally stepped on.
If a snake is spotted, the most appropriate action is to maintain distance and retreat slowly. Never attempt to handle, provoke, or move a snake, as this is when most defensive bites occur. Using a walking stick to gently tap the ground ahead can alert a snake to your presence, giving it time to escape before you get too close.