Sunburn, a common consequence of overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, often causes intense itching. This discomfort can be particularly frustrating, often appearing days after the initial burn as the skin begins its healing process. Understanding the mechanisms behind this delayed itch can help in managing the symptoms.
Why Sunburn Itches So Much
When skin is exposed to excessive UV radiation, it damages skin cells, particularly keratinocytes, and triggers an inflammatory response. The body releases chemical mediators, such as histamine and prostaglandins, as part of this response. These substances irritate nerve endings in the skin, which then send signals to the brain, causing itching. This process can lead to neurogenic inflammation.
The itching often intensifies a few days after the initial burn, coinciding with skin beginning to peel. This delayed onset occurs as the body works to repair damaged cells and shed compromised outer layers of skin. Some individuals may experience an extreme, throbbing itch known as “hell’s itch” or “devil’s itch,” an intense form of this inflammation.
Effective Strategies for Relief
Several approaches can help alleviate intense sunburn itching. Applying cool compresses or taking a cool bath soothes irritated skin and reduces discomfort. Adding colloidal oatmeal to a lukewarm bath further calms inflammation and itchiness by forming a protective barrier. After bathing, gently pat skin dry, leaving some moisture, then apply moisturizer.
Moisturizing lotions containing aloe vera gel or 1% hydrocortisone cream are beneficial. Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties and helps moisturize the skin, while hydrocortisone creams reduce redness and itching by suppressing the immune response. Avoid scratching itchy areas, as this can worsen irritation, prolong healing, and lead to infection. Instead, gently pat the affected skin.
Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine or loratadine, reduce the body’s itch response by blocking histamine. Staying well-hydrated supports skin healing and prevents dehydration. Wearing loose, breathable clothing prevents further irritation to sensitive sunburned skin.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most sunburns can be managed at home, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if you develop extensive blistering over a large area of your body. Signs of infection, such as pus seeping from blisters, increased redness, swelling, or warmth around the burn, also require medical attention.
Severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter methods should prompt medical consultation. Systemic symptoms like a high fever, chills, nausea, or dizziness can signal a more severe reaction, such as sun poisoning. Any signs of severe dehydration, including excessive thirst or reduced urination, require immediate attention. Infants or young children with sunburn should always be evaluated by a medical professional.