Squirrel attacks on humans are uncommon events, typically arising from specific situations rather than unprovoked aggression. While these small rodents are generally timid, documented instances of bites occur. Understanding the context clarifies they are not inherently aggressive towards humans.
Typical Squirrel Behavior
Squirrels in urban and suburban environments often display adaptable and curious behaviors. They are frequently observed foraging for food in human habitats. Urban squirrels have grown accustomed to human presence, often associating people with food sources like bird feeders or discarded items. This habituation means they may approach humans without fear, a behavior that differs significantly from aggression.
Key Reasons for Aggression
When a squirrel exhibits aggressive behavior, it is typically driven by specific circumstances.
Defense
Defense is a primary motivation, particularly when they perceive a threat to their young or nest. A mother squirrel may bite or scratch if she feels her babies are in danger.
Food Scarcity or Competition
Food scarcity or competition also contributes to aggression, especially if squirrels are accustomed to being fed by humans. If food is not provided, or their source is challenged, they may bite out of frustration. A squirrel might also mistake a finger for food if hand-fed.
Disease or Injury
Disease can also alter a squirrel’s behavior, leading to uncharacteristic aggression. While rabies is extremely rare in squirrels, other neurological conditions or injuries can cause unusual and unpredictable actions. An injured squirrel, feeling cornered or unable to escape, may lash out as a fear response. Signs of injury can include lethargy, difficulty moving, or a hunched posture.
Misinterpreting Squirrel Actions
Many squirrel behaviors that might seem aggressive are often misinterpretations of their natural actions.
Approaching for Food
A squirrel rapidly approaching a human might be seeking food, especially if habituated to human feeding. Their boldness can stem from associating humans with handouts.
Escaping or Navigating
Similarly, a squirrel darting towards or past a person could be a rapid attempt to escape or navigate its environment, rather than an intentional charge. They often use zigzag patterns to evade perceived threats, which can appear erratic.
Alarm Calls
Vocalizations like chattering or tail flicking are typically alarm calls or warnings to other squirrels about a potential threat, including human presence, rather than direct aggression towards a person.
Responding to Aggressive Behavior
If a squirrel exhibits genuinely aggressive behavior, such as lunging or growling, maintaining a safe distance is important. Backing away slowly and avoiding sudden movements can prevent further escalation. Do not attempt to corner the animal, as this may intensify its defensive reactions.
In the rare event of a squirrel bite, clean the wound immediately with soap and water for several minutes. Although rabies transmission from squirrels is exceptionally rare, seeking medical attention is advisable to address potential infection risks, including tetanus. Contacting local animal control or a state wildlife agency is also recommended if a wild animal is behaving strangely or aggressively.
Minimizing Future Encounters
To reduce the likelihood of aggressive squirrel encounters, avoid encouraging them to associate humans with food. Refrain from feeding squirrels by hand, as this makes them dependent on human handouts and can lead to aggressive behavior when their expectations are not met.
Securing trash cans with locking lids prevents them from accessing discarded food. Removing fallen birdseed and fruit from yards also eliminates easy food sources. Maintaining a respectful distance and avoiding their nesting areas helps prevent defensive reactions. These measures help squirrels retain their natural wariness of humans, promoting a safer coexistence.