Ear popping is the sensation of pressure changes within the ear, often accompanied by a distinct “pop” or “click” sound. It occurs when air pressure inside the ear doesn’t match the pressure outside the body. While sometimes uncomfortable, ear popping is a frequent and usually natural physiological response.
How Ears Pop
The sensation of ear popping arises from the Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat. This tube maintains balanced air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. Normally, the Eustachian tube remains closed, but it opens periodically to allow air to enter or exit the middle ear.
When the Eustachian tube opens, it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the external environment. This equalization process creates the “pop” or “click” sound and sensation. If the pressure is not equalized, the eardrum can bulge inward or outward, leading to discomfort or muffled hearing. The proper functioning of this tube is important for the eardrum to vibrate effectively and transmit sound.
Common Reasons for Popping
Ear popping frequently occurs due to rapid changes in surrounding air pressure, such as during air travel (takeoff and landing), driving through mountainous regions, riding in elevators, or diving underwater. The Eustachian tube works to balance these pressure differences.
Certain health conditions can also contribute to ear popping by affecting the Eustachian tube’s ability to open and close properly. Colds, allergies, and sinus infections can lead to inflammation and mucus buildup, which may block the Eustachian tube. This blockage prevents effective pressure equalization, causing persistent popping or a feeling of fullness. Earwax buildup can also obstruct the ear canal, leading to crackling or popping noises, particularly when moving the jaw. Issues with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jaw to the skull, can also cause ear popping or clicking sounds due to its proximity to the ear structures.
When Popping Indicates a Problem
While ear popping is often benign, persistent or painful popping can signal an underlying issue that warrants medical attention. Severe ear pain accompanying popping may indicate barotrauma, which is damage to the ear caused by unequal pressure during activities with significant pressure changes like flying or diving.
Changes in hearing, such as muffled sounds or a noticeable decrease in hearing ability, can also be a red flag. Tinnitus, a ringing or buzzing in the ears, may suggest a problem. Any discharge from the ear is another symptom that should prompt a medical evaluation. Conditions like middle ear infections (otitis media) can block the Eustachian tube, leading to fluid buildup and persistent popping or crackling sounds. Chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction, where the tube consistently fails to open or close correctly, can also lead to ongoing discomfort and other symptoms like a feeling of fullness or dizziness.
Relief and Prevention
Several simple actions can help alleviate ear popping. Swallowing, yawning, or chewing gum can encourage the Eustachian tubes to open and equalize pressure. Sucking on hard candy or a bottle for babies can also stimulate frequent swallowing.
For more stubborn ear pressure, the Valsalva maneuver can be effective. This involves pinching the nose shut, closing the mouth, and gently trying to exhale, as if blowing air through the ears. However, it should be performed gently to avoid injury.
Over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines may help if popping is related to colds, allergies, or sinus congestion by reducing swelling and mucus. When flying, staying hydrated, avoiding sleep during descent, and using decongestants before the flight can help manage ear pressure changes. To prevent earwax-related popping, avoid inserting cotton swabs or other objects into the ear canal, as this can push wax deeper. Instead, allow earwax to naturally work its way out or use ear drops to soften it if advised by a healthcare professional.