While adult moths are often blamed for clothing damage, the true culprits are the larvae, or caterpillars, of certain moth species. These pests cause shredded sweaters and other fabric destruction.
The Real Eaters of Clothes
Clothes moths undergo a four-stage life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. It is exclusively during the larval stage that these insects consume fabric and cause damage. Adult clothes moths do not possess mouthparts for feeding; their sole purpose is reproduction, with females laying eggs and males seeking mates.
The larvae are small, creamy-white, worm-like caterpillars that can be difficult to spot until significant damage is apparent. Two common types of clothes moths found in North America are the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) and the casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella). Webbing clothes moth larvae spin silken tubes or patches of webbing as they feed, while casemaking clothes moth larvae construct and carry a protective silken case made from the fibers they consume.
Why Specific Fabrics Are Targeted
Clothes moth larvae primarily target natural fibers because these materials contain keratin, a fibrous protein essential for their development. Keratin is found in animal-derived materials like wool, cashmere, silk, fur, feathers, and leather, providing the nutrients larvae need to mature.
Synthetic fibers like polyester, nylon, and plant-based fibers such as cotton, typically lack keratin, making them unsuitable as a primary food source. However, these fabrics are not entirely immune. Moths may burrow through blends to reach natural fibers. Larvae can also consume synthetic or cotton garments soiled with residues like food stains, sweat, body oils, pet dander, or human hair, which offer trace nutrients.
Protecting Your Wardrobe
Preventing clothes moth infestations requires cleaning and proper storage. Larvae are attracted to garments soiled with sweat, food stains, and body oils, so clean clothes thoroughly before storage. Dry-cleaning or washing items in hot water effectively eliminates existing eggs or larvae.
For long-term storage, place clean garments in airtight containers, such as plastic tubs or vacuum-sealed bags, to create a barrier. Avoid cardboard boxes, which can attract insects. Regularly inspect and clean closets and storage areas, vacuuming floors, shelves, and corners to remove lint, dust, and hair that serve as food sources. Keeping storage areas bright and well-ventilated also deters moths, as they prefer dark, undisturbed environments.