Balsam ointment is a topical preparation historically valued for its restorative properties and distinctive aromatic scent. It is formulated around a resinous substance known as balsam, naturally exuded from trees like the Myroxylon species (e.g., Balsam of Peru or Tolu Balsam). The use of these resins dates back to ancient times, referenced in biblical texts for their healing attributes. Modern balsam ointments blend these ingredients with carriers like petrolatum or castor oil to create a semi-occlusive barrier on the skin.
Common Ailments Treated by Balsam Ointment
People frequently turn to balsam ointment for managing minor dermal injuries and surface irritations. It is specifically indicated for chronic and acute wounds, including pressure ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and diabetic ulcers. It is commonly applied to minor cuts, abrasions, and first or second-degree burns to support healing. The ointment also treats irritated skin conditions, such as diaper rash and dermatitis caused by friction or sweat.
Beyond general wound care, the ointment is employed in specialized applications like treating frostbite and managing donor sites following a skin graft procedure. Its soothing action is helpful for alleviating the discomfort associated with anal itchiness and hemorrhoids. Furthermore, in some formulations, the properties of balsam are directed toward treating scabies, aiding in the elimination of the mites that cause the condition. Due to its ability to help reduce odors often accompanying chronic wounds, it can be a practical choice in the management of decubitus ulcers.
How Balsam Ingredients Promote Healing
The therapeutic action of balsam ointment stems from the combined biological activity of its primary components. Balsams, particularly Balsam of Peru, contain active compounds like cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and their esters. These compounds exhibit mild antiseptic properties, preventing bacterial proliferation in minor wounds and mitigating the risk of secondary infections.
The ointment also stimulates cellular activity and reduces inflammation at the application site. Peru balsam promotes the growth of new skin cells, aiding in the reconstruction of damaged tissue. Specific derivatives, such as benzyl cinnamate, demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect. The ointment base, often containing castor oil and petrolatum, establishes a moist environment conducive to optimal wound healing. This moisture-retaining layer prevents the wound from drying out and cracking, supporting the skin’s protective barrier function.
Guidelines for Safe and Effective Application
To ensure effectiveness and safety, the treated area should first be gently cleaned according to standard wound care protocol. After cleansing, apply a thin film of the ointment directly to the affected site, ensuring the entire area is covered. Application frequency typically ranges from two to four times daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Following application, the wound may be left open or covered with an appropriate dressing. If removal is necessary, a gentle wound cleanser or cool tap water can be used. Since balsam components are known to be potential allergens, performing a patch test on a small, unaffected area of skin before widespread use is advisable. This precaution helps identify any potential hypersensitivity reaction.
When Not to Use Balsam Ointment
Balsam ointment should be avoided if the user has a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Balsam of Peru, petrolatum, or any other ingredient in the formulation. Signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing, require immediate medical attention. Topical application should not be made to fresh arterial clots, as this interferes with the body’s natural clotting process.
Avoid getting the ointment into sensitive areas like the eyes, nose, or other mucous membranes. Accidental contact with the eyes requires thorough rinsing with cool water. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding requires consultation with a physician, as safety information is limited. Physicians also advise against using this product on infants or young children without professional guidance, especially those under two years of age.