Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition affecting the hand, causing stiffness, pain, and a catching or locking sensation. Symptoms are often worse in the morning. This article explores why morning stiffness occurs and outlines approaches to alleviate these symptoms.
Understanding Trigger Finger
Trigger finger develops when the protective sheath surrounding a finger’s tendon becomes irritated and swollen. Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing finger movement. Within the hand, these tendons glide through sheaths, held in place by fibrous bands called pulleys.
When inflammation affects the tendon or its sheath, it can thicken, sometimes forming a small lump. This thickening makes it difficult for the tendon to slide smoothly through the narrow pulley system, specifically the A1 pulley at the base of the finger. The tendon may then get caught, leading to catching, popping, or locking as the finger bends or straightens.
Why Morning Stiffness Occurs
Morning stiffness and pain are primarily due to the hand’s prolonged inactivity during sleep. Overnight, the fingers remain relatively still, decreasing fluid circulation around the inflamed tendon and its sheath. This lack of movement prevents the natural “pumping” action that helps circulate fluids and maintain tissue flexibility.
During rest, inflammatory fluid can accumulate around the affected tendon. This fluid buildup, or edema, causes the tendon and its surrounding sheath to swell further, making them thicker and less pliable. The constricted pathway for the tendon becomes even narrower, intensifying catching and stiffness upon waking. As the day progresses and the hand is used, movement helps redistribute this fluid and warm the tissues, often leading to gradual symptom improvement.
Easing Morning Symptoms
To alleviate morning stiffness, gentle movement and stretching upon waking encourage circulation and reduce rigidity. Slowly opening and closing the hand, or performing gentle finger stretches, can help warm up tendons and improve their gliding. Specific exercises, such as a fingertip bend or tendon gliding, promote flexibility.
Applying warmth to the affected hand also provides relief by increasing blood flow and relaxing the tissues. Soaking the hand in warm water or using a warm compress each morning can prepare the finger for movement. Avoid forceful gripping activities immediately after waking, as this can exacerbate pain and stiffness. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications may also help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Always consult a healthcare professional for medication advice.
When to Consult a Doctor
While home remedies offer symptomatic relief, seeking professional medical advice for trigger finger is important. Consult a doctor if pain is persistent, symptoms worsen despite self-care, or if you cannot fully straighten or bend your finger. A doctor can accurately diagnose the condition and recommend treatment.
Also see a healthcare provider if the affected finger becomes hot, visibly swollen, or red, especially with a fever, as these could indicate infection. Early evaluation can prevent progression and avoid long-term complications, such as the finger becoming permanently bent.