Eye mucus, often referred to as “sleep” in the eye or rheum, is a normal part of ocular health that accumulates in the corners of the eyes, especially upon waking. This natural discharge is composed of mucus, oils, skin cells, and other debris, serving a protective function by removing waste products from the tear film and the front surface of the eyes. While the eyes continuously produce mucus, blinking during the day typically flushes it away before it hardens. The presence of green eye mucus, however, suggests a deviation from this normal function and may indicate a condition requiring attention.
Understanding Eye Discharge Color
The color of eye discharge offers clues about its underlying cause. Normal eye discharge is usually clear, white, or a pale cream color. Green or yellowish-green discharge often indicates the presence of white blood cells, signaling an active immune response to infection.
In contrast, clear and watery discharge is frequently associated with allergies or viral infections like viral conjunctivitis. White or cloudy discharge can sometimes occur with certain infections or dry eye conditions. However, the appearance of green or thick yellow discharge is particularly suggestive of a bacterial infection.
Common Causes of Green Eye Mucus
The most common reason for green eye mucus is a bacterial infection, which causes the body to produce pus. This pus, comprised of white blood cells, appears green or yellowish-green. Bacterial conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is a frequent bacterial infection that leads to this type of discharge. Symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis often include redness, swollen eyelids, and discharge that can make eyelashes stick together, particularly after sleep.
Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by various bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, often originating from an individual’s own skin or respiratory system. Poor hygiene, such as touching eyes with unclean hands, or contact with contaminated surfaces can spread the infection. While many cases are mild, some bacterial infections, such as those caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can be severe and require immediate medical intervention due to potential vision threats.
Other, less common but potentially serious conditions can also cause green eye discharge. A corneal ulcer, which is an open sore on the clear front surface of the eye, can present with green discharge alongside severe pain, redness, and blurred vision. These ulcers are often caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with improper contact lens hygiene being a risk factor. Inflammation of the eyelids, known as blepharitis, if accompanied by an infection, can also result in pus-like yellow or green discharge.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While some eye discharge is normal, specific signs indicate the need for prompt medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional if you experience a large amount of discharge, especially if it is dark yellow, green, or sticky. Green discharge accompanied by eye pain, discomfort that does not improve, or increased redness also warrants a visit.
Sudden changes in vision, blurred vision, or increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) require immediate attention, as these can suggest more serious conditions like keratitis or corneal ulcers. A medical consultation is also warranted if the green discharge is persistent, recurs frequently, or is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, discharge from only one eye, or if the eye feels hot or swollen. Ignoring these symptoms, particularly with green discharge, can lead to permanent eye damage if an underlying infection is left untreated.
Managing and Preventing Eye Discharge
Managing existing green eye mucus involves careful hygiene practices, especially while awaiting medical attention or for less severe cases. Gently cleaning the eye area with warm water and a clean cloth can help remove dried and liquid discharge. It is important to use a fresh cloth or cotton ball for each eye to prevent spreading any potential infection. Avoiding rubbing the eyes is also important, as this can worsen irritation or spread infection.
Preventative measures focus on minimizing the risk of eye infections. Frequent and thorough handwashing is a primary defense against transferring bacteria to the eyes, as is avoiding touching them with unwashed hands. For contact lens wearers, strict adherence to hygiene protocols, including proper cleaning, storage, and replacement schedules, is important. Sleeping in contact lenses should be avoided, as this significantly increases the risk of eye infections. Additionally, refraining from sharing eye makeup or towels can help prevent the spread of infectious agents.