A nasal sore is an irritation, lesion, or break in the skin inside or around the nostrils. While often minor, these sores can cause discomfort and are common.
Common Causes of Nasal Sores
Bacterial infections are a frequent cause of nasal sores. Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium, can cause infections like nasal vestibulitis or folliculitis when the skin barrier is compromised. Nasal vestibulitis, an infection of the nasal vestibule, often manifests as sores, pimples, or crusting around the nostril opening, sometimes with pain, swelling, or yellow discharge.
Viral infections also contribute to nasal sores. The Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1), known for causing cold sores, can lead to fluid-filled blisters inside or around the nose. These blisters can be painful, tingle, or burn, breaking open and crusting over as they heal. While cold sores often heal within one to two weeks, the virus remains in the body and can cause recurrent outbreaks, especially during periods of stress, illness, or hormonal changes.
Physical irritation and trauma are frequent causes of nasal sores. Activities like nose picking, forceful nose blowing, or inserting foreign objects can damage the delicate nasal lining, leading to bleeding, scabs, and sores. Continuous irritation from allergic reactions, causing frequent nose blowing and inflammation, also contributes. Prolonged use of certain nasal sprays, particularly decongestant types, can dry out nasal passages, making tissue susceptible to cracking and irritation.
Environmental factors, such as dry air, can also lead to nasal sores. Low humidity, especially during winter or in arid climates, can cause the nasal lining to become dry, cracked, and irritated, potentially leading to sores and nosebleeds. The body’s natural response to dryness can involve increased mucus production, which, if trapped, can harden into scabs. Other causes include pimples from infected hair follicles or irritation from chemical exposure.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many nasal sores resolve on their own, certain indicators suggest a need for medical evaluation. Sores that do not heal within a reasonable timeframe, typically one to two weeks, or those that worsen despite gentle home care, warrant professional attention. Persistent or frequently recurring sores should also be assessed by a healthcare provider.
Signs of a spreading infection are a clear signal to seek medical help. These include increasing pain, redness extending beyond the immediate sore, significant swelling, warmth around the area, or the presence of pus discharge. Systemic symptoms like fever, chills, or swollen lymph nodes indicate a more widespread issue requiring prompt medical intervention.
Any nasal sore that obstructs breathing or causes eye-related symptoms, though uncommon, requires immediate medical consultation. Individuals with compromised immune systems, chronic diseases like diabetes, or those undergoing chemotherapy should consult a healthcare provider more readily due to higher complication risk. Untreated serious infections can lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, conditions affecting the brain.
Relief and Prevention Strategies
For minor nasal sores, several self-care measures can promote healing and reduce discomfort. Gently cleaning the area with mild soap and water or saline helps keep the sore free from debris without causing further irritation. Applying saline nasal sprays or rinses keeps nasal passages moist, especially in dry environments, preventing tissue from drying and cracking. Using a humidifier indoors, particularly during colder months, adds moisture to the air and helps hydrate the nasal lining.
A thin layer of petroleum jelly can be applied inside the nostrils to create a protective barrier and prevent dryness. For bacterial infections, a doctor might recommend an antibiotic ointment.
Good hygiene practices are fundamental in preventing nasal sores. Regular hand washing helps prevent bacteria transfer to the nasal area. Avoiding nose picking is important, as it can introduce bacteria and cause trauma to the delicate nasal lining. When blowing the nose, do so gently to prevent irritation and damage. Environmental adjustments also play a role, as identifying and avoiding allergens or irritants that trigger excessive nose blowing or inflammation can reduce the likelihood of sores.