Finding a small hole in your mouth can be concerning, yet the oral cavity contains many normal openings that serve various functions. Understanding its typical anatomy can alleviate many worries.
Common and Normal Oral Openings
The mouth houses several natural openings. One is the parotid papilla, a small tissue flap on the inside of your cheek. This papilla marks the opening of the parotid (Stensen’s) duct, which releases watery saliva from the parotid gland. This saliva lubricates the mouth and aids in chewing and digestion.
Another common opening is the sublingual papilla, found on the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue. This protrusion is where the submandibular ducts open, releasing saliva from the submandibular glands, and where some ducts from the sublingual glands also open. The submandibular glands produce a mixture of watery and mucous secretions. The sublingual glands contribute a thick, mucinous fluid through multiple small ducts.
Hundreds of minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the oral mucosa. These tiny glands have short ducts that open directly onto the surface, constantly secreting small amounts of saliva. This continuous secretion helps keep the oral cavity moist, lubricated, and protected.
When a “Hole” Might Be a Sign of a Problem
While many oral openings are normal, some conditions can resemble a hole, signaling an underlying issue. One such condition is a deep aphthous ulcer, commonly known as a canker sore. These painful lesions typically begin as a round, yellowish spot with a red halo that can break down into an ulcer. Major aphthous ulcers can be quite painful, may take weeks to months to heal, and can interfere with eating and speaking.
Another concerning presentation is an oral fistula, an abnormal channel that forms to drain pus from an infection, often originating from an abscessed tooth or a severe gum infection. A dental fistula may appear as a small bump or pimple on the gums that can discharge pus, sometimes accompanied by an unpleasant taste. While the fistula itself might not always be painful, the underlying infection can cause symptoms such as swelling, tooth sensitivity, persistent throbbing pain, and even fever. If left untreated, the infection associated with a fistula could potentially spread and lead to more serious complications.
What to Do Next
If you notice a “hole” in your mouth and are uncertain about its nature, observing for accompanying symptoms is a helpful first step. If the area is painful, swollen, red, or if you notice pus or an unusual taste, these signs suggest a potential problem. Should the lesion not heal within two to three weeks, or if it recurs frequently, professional consultation is recommended.
A dental professional can accurately diagnose the cause of the oral lesion through a thorough examination. They can determine if it is a normal anatomical structure, an aphthous ulcer, a fistula, or another condition requiring specific treatment. It is important to avoid attempting to self-treat unknown oral lesions, as this can delay proper diagnosis and potentially worsen the condition. Seeking timely professional advice ensures appropriate management and helps maintain your oral health.