Finding a pink spot in your eye can be concerning. While often harmless and resolving without intervention, understanding the common reasons behind these occurrences can help provide clarity on when a medical evaluation is advisable. This article explains the causes of localized pink or red spots in the eye.
The Most Common Culprit: Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
A subconjunctival hemorrhage, or broken blood vessel, is the most frequent cause of a prominent red or pink spot on the white of the eye. This occurs when tiny blood vessels within the conjunctiva, a clear membrane covering the white of the eye, rupture. The blood becomes trapped beneath this transparent layer, creating a noticeable red patch, similar to a bruise.
Though striking, a subconjunctival hemorrhage is generally painless and does not affect vision. Causes are often unknown, but factors like sudden increases in pressure (e.g., sneezing, coughing, vomiting, straining), minor eye trauma, or rubbing the eyes can contribute. Certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes may also play a role.
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically resolves on its own without specific treatment. The blood is gradually reabsorbed by the eye, a process that usually takes one to two weeks. As it clears, the spot may change color, transitioning from bright red to yellow or brown. Artificial tears can alleviate mild irritation, but no treatment speeds up healing.
Other Localized Pink Spots: Growths and Inflammation
Beyond subconjunctival hemorrhages, other conditions can cause localized pink or reddish spots, often involving tissue growths or inflammation. These include pinguecula, pterygium, and episcleritis. While typically benign, they can cause discomfort or vision changes if they progress.
A pinguecula appears as a yellowish, slightly raised bump on the white of the eye, usually near the nose. This growth consists of protein, fat, or calcium deposits within the conjunctiva. It is linked to prolonged exposure to UV light, wind, and dust. Though generally harmless, an inflamed pinguecula (pingueculitis) can appear pink or red and cause a gritty sensation or irritation.
A pterygium is a fleshy, triangular growth that can develop on the white of the eye, often starting from a pinguecula. Unlike a pinguecula, it can extend onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This growth, sometimes called “surfer’s eye,” is strongly associated with long-term exposure to UV light, wind, and dust. If large enough to cover the cornea, it can distort vision and may require intervention.
Episcleritis involves inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer between the conjunctiva and sclera (the white of the eye). This condition typically results in a localized red or pink area, sometimes slightly raised. The cause is often unknown, but it can be associated with systemic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Symptoms generally include mild soreness, irritation, or tearing, without affecting vision, and it often resolves on its own within a few weeks.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
While many pink spots are not serious, certain symptoms warrant prompt evaluation by an eye care professional. Timely medical guidance is important to rule out more serious underlying conditions and ensure appropriate management. An eye doctor can accurately diagnose the cause and recommend the best course of action.
Consult an eye doctor if the pink spot is accompanied by pain or significant discomfort beyond a mild scratchy sensation. Changes in vision, such as blurriness, double vision, or vision loss, also require immediate attention. Other concerning symptoms include eye discharge, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), or intensifying redness.
Additionally, if the pink spot grows rapidly, changes significantly in shape or color, or does not improve within a few days to a couple of weeks, a medical consultation is advisable. Recurrent pink spots, especially if they occur without an obvious cause, should also be evaluated. Professional medical attention is necessary if the spot appeared after a direct eye injury, exposure to foreign objects or chemicals, or if accompanied by systemic symptoms like headache, nausea, or fever.