Discovering a lump on a testicle can be a source of worry. While such findings often trigger anxiety, many testicular lumps are not serious. However, any new lump or change in the scrotal area warrants prompt evaluation by a healthcare professional. Timely medical guidance ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
Fluid-Filled Lumps
Some lumps in the scrotal area are simply collections of fluid and are generally harmless. A hydrocele occurs when fluid accumulates in the thin sac surrounding a testicle. This condition often presents as a painless, water-balloon-like swelling. Hydroceles are common in newborns and often resolve on their own, but in adults, they can develop due to injury or infection.
Another common fluid-filled lump is a spermatocele, also known as an epididymal cyst. These benign cysts form in the epididymis, a coiled tube behind the testicle that stores and transports sperm. Spermatoceles typically feel like a smooth, distinct lump separate from the testicle and usually do not cause pain. They generally do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or grow significantly, but a doctor can confirm the diagnosis.
Inflammation and Infection
Lumps can also arise from inflammation or infection affecting the testicular region. Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or urinary tract infections (UTIs). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the scrotum, sometimes with fever or chills. The affected area may feel warm and appear red.
Orchitis refers to inflammation of the testicle, which can stem from viral infections (like mumps) or bacterial causes. Symptoms are similar to epididymitis, involving pain, swelling, and tenderness in one or both testicles, along with fever and nausea. Both typically require medical diagnosis and are often treated with antibiotics if bacterial. In rare cases, severe infections can lead to an abscess, a localized collection of pus forming a painful lump.
Enlarged Veins
A common cause of a scrotal lump related to vascular issues is a varicocele. This condition involves the enlargement of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins found in the legs. Varicoceles are often described as feeling like a “bag of worms” and are more commonly observed on the left side of the scrotum. They may be painless, but some individuals experience a dull ache or a feeling of heaviness, which can worsen with standing or physical activity.
Often benign, varicoceles can sometimes impact fertility by affecting sperm production and quality. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and is often confirmed with a scrotal ultrasound. Treatment is considered if the varicocele causes persistent pain or contributes to infertility.
Solid Growths and Other Causes
Some testicular lumps are solid growths, and among these, testicular cancer is a significant concern. Testicular cancer often presents as a firm, sometimes painless lump or an enlargement of the testicle. Other signs include a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or a dull ache in the groin. This type of cancer is most common in young men, typically between 15 and 35 years old, but it is highly curable when detected early. Regular self-examinations are important for noticing any changes in the testicles.
An inguinal hernia may also appear as a lump in the scrotum. This occurs when a portion of the intestine or other abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall into the scrotum. The lump may become more noticeable with coughing or straining and sometimes can be gently pushed back. If trapped or its blood supply is cut off, it can lead to severe pain, nausea, and vomiting, requiring immediate medical attention.
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that involves the twisting of the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle. This condition causes sudden, severe pain, swelling, and redness in the scrotum. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms. Immediate medical intervention is necessary to restore blood flow and prevent permanent damage.
Seeking Medical Guidance
Upon discovering any lump or change in the scrotal area, it is important to consult a healthcare professional promptly. A general practitioner or urologist can provide a thorough evaluation. Diagnosis typically includes a physical examination and symptom discussion. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, may be performed to determine the lump’s nature.
Do not attempt self-diagnosis based solely on online information. Medical professionals have the expertise and tools to accurately identify the cause and recommend appropriate action. Professional medical advice ensures proper management and peace of mind.