The water at Biloxi Beach often appears brown, prompting questions from visitors expecting clear, blue coastal waters. This coloration is primarily due to natural environmental processes, not pollution. Understanding these factors explains why the water along this Gulf Coast stretch looks distinct.
Sediment from River Systems
The most significant contributor to Biloxi Beach’s brown water is the sediment carried by major river systems emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers like the Mississippi, with its vast drainage basin, transport large quantities of silt, clay, and other particles. The Pascagoula River also contributes to this sediment load as it flows into the Gulf.
These rivers pick up soil and geological particles from their watersheds. Upon reaching the Gulf, suspended sediments are dispersed by coastal currents and tidal movements. The fine particles remain suspended, giving nearshore waters, including Biloxi Beach, their murky appearance. This continuous influx of sediment is a natural geological process.
Organic Matter and Tannins
Beyond inorganic sediments, dissolved organic matter also contributes to the water’s brownish tint. This material primarily consists of tannins, compounds released from decomposing plant matter. Wetlands, swamps, and bayous throughout the Gulf Coast are rich in decaying vegetation.
As water flows through these environments, it leaches these organic compounds. These tannins then drain into coastal waters, adding a brownish stain. This dissolved coloration, combined with suspended sediment, deepens the water’s brown appearance.
Assessing Water Safety
The brown color of Biloxi Beach water does not inherently indicate it is unsafe for swimming. Water color is a visual result of natural phenomena, while water quality refers to potential contaminants like harmful bacteria or pollutants. Public health officials regularly monitor coastal waters to ensure safety standards are met.
Water quality assessments involve testing for indicator bacteria, such as Enterococcus, which can signal the presence of pathogens from fecal contamination. Local health departments issue public advisories or closures when bacterial levels exceed safety thresholds, regardless of the water’s visual appearance. These advisories are crucial for public safety and are based on scientific testing, not color.
Beachgoers can stay informed about current water quality by checking official sources. The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and local county health departments provide up-to-date information on advisories through their websites or posted signs. Relying on these reports helps ensure a safe experience at Biloxi Beach.