Black discoloration on the back of your tooth can be concerning. It can signal various issues, from superficial stains to more significant dental problems. Understanding these reasons helps determine the appropriate course of action for your oral health.
Surface Stains: Common Culprits
Extrinsic stains are a frequent cause of dark spots on teeth, especially on back surfaces. They form when pigmented particles from foods, beverages, or other substances adhere to the outer layer of your tooth enamel. Common culprits include dark drinks like coffee, tea, and red wine, dark berries, and tobacco products. Some medications, such as liquid iron supplements, also contribute. These stains are cosmetic, not a sign of decay, and a professional dental cleaning can often remove them.
Dental Cavities: A Deeper Concern
Black discoloration can also indicate dental cavities, or tooth decay. This occurs when oral bacteria produce acids that erode tooth enamel. As decay progresses, it creates a dark appearance, particularly in the grooves of back teeth or between teeth where plaque accumulates. Unlike surface stains, cavities involve actual tooth structure loss and require dental intervention to prevent further damage. Early cavities may not cause symptoms, but as decay advances, one might experience sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures or even pain.
Tartar Accumulation
Tartar accumulation is another cause of dark or black discoloration, often seen on the back of teeth or near the gum line. Tartar, also known as calculus, forms when plaque (a soft film of bacteria) hardens on the tooth surface from mineral deposits in saliva. While plaque is soft and removable by brushing, tartar is hard and porous, absorbing stains from foods and drinks. This absorbed pigmentation causes the dark or black appearance. Tartar cannot be removed by brushing and flossing alone; it requires professional cleaning by a dental hygienist.
When Professional Assessment is Needed
Determining the exact cause of black discoloration on your tooth without professional examination is challenging. Self-diagnosis is unreliable and can delay treatment for serious conditions. Therefore, schedule a dental appointment for any unexplained dark spots or changes in tooth color. A dentist will perform a thorough visual examination, possibly including probing and X-rays, to accurately diagnose the issue. Treatment depends on the diagnosis, ranging from a professional cleaning for stains or tartar to fillings or other restorative procedures for cavities.
Keeping Your Teeth Bright and Healthy
Preventative measures are important for avoiding future black discoloration and maintaining overall oral health. Consistent oral hygiene, including brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and daily flossing, removes plaque and food debris. Limiting intake of stain-causing foods and drinks, such as coffee, tea, and red wine, also helps reduce discoloration. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings, usually every six months, remove any accumulating stains or tartar and allow early detection of issues like cavities.