Peroneal tendonitis involves the inflammation or irritation of the peroneal tendons, which are located along the outside of the lower leg and ankle. These tough bands of tissue connect the muscles in the lower leg to bones in the foot, playing a role in stabilizing and balancing the foot and ankle.
Describing Peroneal Tendon Pain
Peroneal tendon pain manifests along the outside of the ankle, often behind the outer ankle bone (lateral malleolus). The discomfort can extend to the side of the foot or even up the lower leg. Individuals experiencing peroneal tendonitis often describe the pain as a dull ache, though it can also present as sharp jabs, a throbbing sensation, or a burning feeling.
Pain usually worsens with physical activity, especially repetitive ankle movements like walking, running, standing for extended periods, or climbing stairs. Turning the foot inward (inversion) or outward (eversion) can also intensify the pain. Rest often improves the pain. Other sensations may include tenderness to touch, warmth, or mild swelling around the affected area.
What Causes Peroneal Tendon Pain
Overuse, involving repetitive ankle movements, is a primary factor contributing to peroneal tendonitis. This repetitive stress can cause tendons to rub against bone, leading to irritation and inflammation. A sudden increase in activity, especially weight-bearing activities like walking, running, or jumping, can also overwhelm the tendons.
Improper footwear lacking adequate support can place undue stress on the peroneal tendons, contributing to irritation. Insufficient warm-up routines or a lack of proper stretching before physical activity can predispose individuals to this condition. Muscle imbalances, such as weakness in supporting leg muscles, or existing ankle instability from previous sprains, can also increase strain on the peroneal tendons.
Initial Pain Management Approaches
Initial pain management often involves the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Resting the affected ankle by avoiding aggravating activities is crucial for healing. Applying ice packs to the tender area for 10-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Compression, using an elastic wrap or bandage, can help control ankle swelling. Elevating the foot above heart level also reduces swelling by promoting fluid drainage. Modifying activities to reduce or eliminate pain-provoking movements is also important. Supportive footwear, such as ankle or lace-up boots, can provide stability and reduce tendon strain.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If pain persists despite initial self-care, seek professional medical evaluation. Medical attention is also warranted if pain significantly worsens, or if accompanied by severe swelling or bruising. Inability to bear weight on the affected foot is another clear sign for professional help.
Signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, fever, or pus, necessitate prompt medical consultation. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose peroneal tendonitis and differentiate it from other ankle conditions with similar symptoms, such as sprains or fractures. They can then recommend further treatment, which may include physical therapy, custom orthotics, or prescription medication.