A suddenly sharp tooth can be unsettling, often feeling like a rough edge that irritates the tongue or cheek, or a pointed sensation when biting. This discomfort signals a change in the tooth’s surface or structure, indicating an underlying dental issue requiring attention.
Common Reasons for a Suddenly Sharp Tooth
A frequent cause of a sharp tooth is a chip or fracture in the enamel. Even a small, visually imperceptible chip can create a jagged edge that the sensitive tongue quickly detects. This damage often occurs from biting down on hard foods like ice or nuts, or from mouth trauma. Weakened enamel, due to previous decay or wear, can also make a tooth more prone to chipping.
A lost or damaged dental filling is another common cause. When a filling chips, cracks, or completely falls out, it can leave a cavity with sharp, exposed edges. An older filling might also wear down unevenly, creating a rough surface. The void left by a missing filling can also expose sensitive inner tooth structures, leading to discomfort.
Hardened plaque, known as calculus or tartar, can also contribute to a sharp sensation. If plaque is not regularly removed, it can mineralize and form rough, calcified deposits on the tooth surface, particularly near the gumline or between teeth. These rough deposits can feel sharp or abrasive to the tongue.
The emergence of a new tooth can also cause a sharp feeling. This is particularly common with wisdom teeth, which typically erupt between the ages of 17 and 25. As these teeth break through the gums, they can cause pressure, soreness, and a sharp sensation, especially if there is insufficient space in the jaw or if they emerge at an unusual angle, pressing against adjacent teeth.
Immediate Steps to Take
If a tooth suddenly feels sharp, a gentle visual inspection of the area using a mirror can help identify any obvious chips or rough spots. Carefully feeling the tooth with your tongue can provide information about the nature of the sharpness, but avoid excessive prodding which might worsen irritation.
Rinsing your mouth with warm salt water can help cleanse the area and soothe any irritated gum tissue. A solution of half a teaspoon of table salt in 8 ounces of warm water, swished for about 30 seconds, can be effective. For discomfort or mild pain, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can provide temporary relief. Avoid biting or chewing on the affected side to prevent further damage or irritation.
To protect the tongue or cheek from a sharp edge, temporarily covering the tooth with dental wax or a small piece of sugar-free chewing gum can create a smoother surface. This provides a physical barrier, reducing the risk of soft tissue irritation or cuts until professional dental care can be sought. While these measures offer temporary relief, a dental visit is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment. Prompt care is especially important if there is persistent pain, swelling, or difficulty eating.
Professional Dental Care
A dental visit for a sharp tooth typically begins with a thorough examination. This involves a visual inspection of the tooth and surrounding tissues, careful probing to assess any damage, and often dental X-rays to detect issues not visible to the naked eye, such as fractures beneath the gumline. Biting tests might also be performed to pinpoint the discomfort.
Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause. For small chips or fractures, the dentist may smooth the jagged edge through enameloplasty. If the chip is larger, dental bonding, using a tooth-colored composite resin, can restore the tooth’s shape and smoothness. For more extensive damage, veneers or dental crowns might be recommended.
If a lost or damaged filling is the cause, the dentist will replace it, restoring the tooth’s integrity and smooth surface. For significant tartar buildup, a professional dental cleaning (scaling) will remove hardened deposits. For discomfort due to an emerging wisdom tooth, the dentist may monitor its progress, provide pain management strategies, or recommend extraction if it is impacted or causing damage to adjacent teeth.
Preventing Future Sharpness
Maintaining good oral hygiene is fundamental to preventing many dental issues that can lead to a sharp tooth sensation. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and food particles. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can also help reduce harmful bacteria.
Regular dental check-ups are important for early detection and prevention. Routine visits allow dentists to identify potential problems like small cavities, early signs of wear, or tartar buildup before they become more significant issues. Professional cleanings remove hardened tartar that cannot be eliminated by home care, protecting against gum disease and tooth surface irregularities.
Protective measures can significantly reduce the risk of chips and fractures. Avoiding biting on excessively hard objects such as ice cubes, hard candy, or popcorn kernels helps preserve tooth structure. Wearing a mouthguard during sports activities can protect teeth from impact injuries. For individuals who grind or clench their teeth, particularly at night (bruxism), a custom-fitted nightguard can provide a protective barrier, preventing tooth wear and potential fractures.
Dietary habits also influence tooth health. Limiting the consumption of highly acidic or sugary foods and drinks can help protect tooth enamel from erosion, which weakens teeth and makes them more susceptible to damage. Incorporating calcium and phosphorus-rich foods, along with plenty of water, supports strong enamel and overall oral health.