A burning sensation in the heel can be a bothersome experience, ranging from a mild irritation to significant discomfort. It can interfere with daily activities and overall well-being. Understanding the underlying causes is important for effective relief.
Nerve-Related Factors
Burning heel pain can originate from issues involving the nerves that supply the foot. Peripheral neuropathy, a condition characterized by nerve damage, frequently manifests as burning, tingling, or numbness, often worsening at night.
Another specific nerve-related cause is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome, where the tibial nerve or its branches become compressed within the tarsal tunnel in the ankle. This compression leads to symptoms such as burning, tingling, and numbness in the heel and foot. Sciatica, a condition involving nerve impingement in the lower back, can also refer pain and a burning sensation down the leg, potentially reaching the heel.
Inflammatory and Structural Issues
Inflammation and structural problems within the heel and surrounding tissues are common sources of burning heel pain. Plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the thick band of tissue (plantar fascia) on the bottom of the foot, commonly causes heel pain that might include a burning sensation, particularly after periods of rest or in the morning. This condition is frequently linked to repetitive stress from activities like running or prolonged standing.
Achilles tendinitis, an inflammation of the Achilles tendon at the back of the heel, can also cause pain and a burning sensation, often worsening with activity. Tiny cracks in the heel bone, known as stress fractures, can result from repetitive stress and may present as burning or aching pain. Additionally, bursitis, the inflammation of fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, can lead to tenderness and a bruise-like or burning sensation in the heel area.
Systemic Conditions and External Factors
Systemic conditions and external factors can also contribute to a burning sensation in the heel. Diabetes mellitus can lead to diabetic neuropathy, where high glucose levels damage peripheral nerves and cause burning in the feet and heels. Chronic alcohol abuse can result in alcoholic neuropathy, a disorder characterized by decreased nerve function and symptoms like burning, numbness, and pain in the feet.
Nutritional deficiencies, especially those involving B vitamins like B12, B6, and B1 (thiamine), as well as folate, are important for nerve health and their lack can manifest as burning sensations. An underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, can also sometimes lead to nerve problems and burning sensations in the feet due to fluid retention that puts pressure on peripheral nerves. External factors like ill-fitting footwear can compress nerves, causing burning. Prolonged standing or high-impact activities can also strain the heel, contributing to burning sensations.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical evaluation if a burning heel sensation persists or worsens. If the pain does not improve with rest or home care within a few weeks, or if it intensifies, seek medical advice. The presence of accompanying numbness, tingling, or weakness in the foot suggests potential nerve involvement, requiring assessment.
Seek immediate medical attention for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, or fever in the heel. Consult a healthcare provider if the burning sensation began suddenly after an injury. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like diabetes should seek guidance if they experience heel pain, as these can complicate foot health. If the pain significantly interferes with walking, sleeping, or other daily activities, medical intervention is needed.
At-Home Relief and Prevention
Strategies can offer relief for burning heel pain and help prevent recurrence. Resting the affected foot and elevating it can help reduce swelling and discomfort. Applying ice packs to the heel for 15-20 minutes every few hours can reduce inflammation and numb the area.
- Wear supportive, well-fitting shoes with adequate cushioning and arch support.
- Use over-the-counter or custom orthotics for additional support.
- Perform gentle stretching exercises for the feet and calves.
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as NSAIDs, for temporary relief.
- Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce stress on the heels.