Seeing a dark, bruised spot on your child’s gums where a tooth is expected to emerge can be alarming for any parent. This discolored area often appears suddenly during a period of intense teething, leading to concerns about injury or infection. It is helpful to know that this phenomenon is a relatively common occurrence during the process of tooth eruption. While it certainly looks worrisome, this dark spot is typically a temporary and benign condition that resolves naturally as the new tooth breaks through the gum tissue.
Understanding Eruption Hematomas
The technical term for this “bruise” is an eruption hematoma, which is a variation of an eruption cyst. This condition forms when fluid, mixed with blood, collects in the soft tissue surrounding the crown of an erupting tooth. As the tooth pushes toward the surface, a small separation occurs in the dental follicle, allowing this mixture to accumulate. This collection of blood and fluid creates the characteristic dark, bruised appearance on the gum surface. Eruption hematomas can occur over both primary (baby) and permanent teeth.
Visual Characteristics and Comfort Levels
The appearance of an eruption hematoma can vary, ranging from deep blue or purple to dark red or nearly black. It is usually small, presenting as a slightly raised, dome-shaped swelling over the anticipated tooth location. The texture may feel soft or spongy because it is filled with fluid and blood. While the hematoma itself does not usually cause significant pain, the underlying tooth eruption process can still lead to discomfort, fussiness, and irritability. This pain is typically the standard pressure and soreness associated with teething.
Effective Home Care and Monitoring
Because eruption hematomas are self-limiting, the primary approach involves observation and providing comfort measures for the child. You can soothe the gum area by offering a chilled (not frozen) teething ring or a clean, cold washcloth to chew on. Gentle massage of the gum with a clean finger may also help relieve pressure and discomfort. This action may inadvertently cause the hematoma to rupture, which is not a cause for concern, as the fluid and blood will drain harmlessly.
If your child is experiencing significant pain beyond simple comfort measures, consider using over-the-counter pain relievers. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen, if approved by your pediatrician, can help reduce the discomfort associated with teething. Generally, no active treatment is required, but monitoring the site closely is important. The hematoma naturally resolves when the tooth emerges through the gum tissue, releasing the trapped fluid and completing the eruption.
Recognizing When to Seek Medical Advice
While the condition is usually harmless, specific signs indicate the need for consultation with a dentist or pediatrician. Seek professional advice if the hematoma persists for more than two weeks without the tooth breaking through. A medical evaluation is also warranted if you notice signs suggesting a possible infection in the area. These signs include:
- Pus drainage.
- Spreading redness or significant swelling that extends beyond the immediate area.
- A fever.
Extreme, inconsolable pain that cannot be managed with home care or over-the-counter medication is another reason to contact a healthcare provider.