Why Is My Baby’s Eye Crusted Shut? What to Do

It can be unsettling for parents to discover their baby’s eye crusted shut, particularly after sleep. This common occurrence in infants often causes concern, yet many instances stem from easily manageable issues. Understanding the reasons behind eye crusting and knowing appropriate care measures can provide reassurance. This guide explores the typical causes of crusted eyes in babies and outlines practical steps for parents to take.

Understanding the Common Reasons

One frequent cause of eye crusting in infants is a blocked tear duct, called dacrystenosis. Tears are produced to keep the eyes moist and normally drain through small ducts into the nose. In some newborns, these ducts may be underdeveloped or blocked by a membrane, preventing proper drainage. This can lead to tears pooling and causing a sticky, clear, or yellowish discharge that crusts when dry. This condition often resolves on its own as the baby’s tear ducts mature, typically by their first birthday.

Another common reason for crusted eyes is conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, an inflammation of the eye’s outer membrane and inner eyelids. This can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergens. Bacterial conjunctivitis often presents with thick, yellow or green discharge that can cause eyelids to stick together, affecting one or both eyes. Viral conjunctivitis, often associated with a cold, typically results in watery or clear discharge, affecting both eyes. Allergic conjunctivitis, while less common in infants, might involve itchy, watery eyes and is often accompanied by other allergy symptoms like sneezing.

Beyond blocked tear ducts and infections, minor irritants and environmental factors can also cause a baby’s eye to crust. Dust, pet dander, or mild soap can irritate eye tissues, leading to increased tear production and crusting. Chemical conjunctivitis can occur in newborns due to eye drops given at birth to prevent infections, causing mild redness and swelling that usually resolves within 24 to 36 hours.

Gentle Home Care Practices

When a baby’s eye is crusted, gentle home care can help manage the symptoms and provide comfort. A warm compress can be applied to the affected eye to help soften the dried discharge and provide soothing relief. To prepare, wet a clean, soft washcloth or cotton ball with warm (not hot) water, wring out any excess, and gently hold it over the closed eye for a few minutes.

Following the warm compress, carefully clean the eye to remove any softened crust. Use a fresh, sterile cotton ball or gauze pad moistened with sterile water or saline for each wipe. Wipe gently from the inner corner of the eye, near the nose, outwards towards the ear. Use a new cotton ball or clean cloth part for each wipe and each eye to prevent spreading infection. Avoid using soap or baby wipes directly on the eyes, as these can be irritating.

Good hygiene is also important. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after touching your baby’s eyes. This prevents the transfer of bacteria or irritants.

When to Consult a Doctor

While many cases of crusted eyes resolve with home care, certain signs indicate the need for a medical evaluation. Consult a pediatrician if there is persistent redness or swelling around the eye beyond mild irritation. Thick, green, or yellow discharge, especially with a foul odor, suggests an infection requiring professional assessment.

Additional symptoms warranting a doctor’s visit include fever or other signs of illness, pointing to a widespread infection. Light sensitivity, where the baby squints or appears uncomfortable in bright light, is another indicator. If the baby shows signs of eye pain or discomfort, such as excessive rubbing or crying when touched, medical attention is necessary.

Also seek medical advice if crusting worsens or does not improve after a few days of consistent home care. Any noticeable changes in the baby’s vision, such as difficulty focusing or an abnormal gaze, should also be promptly evaluated. These symptoms can signal a condition that requires specific medical treatment.

Preventing Future Occurrences

Proactive measures can help reduce the likelihood of future eye crusting. Maintaining good hand hygiene for all caregivers is important. Regularly washing hands helps minimize the spread of germs that could cause eye irritation or infection.

Keeping the baby’s immediate environment clean also contributes to eye health. Regularly dusting and vacuuming can reduce allergens and irritants like pet dander and dust mites. Protecting the baby from strong irritants like smoke, strong perfumes, or harsh cleaning chemicals is also beneficial.

For babies prone to blocked tear ducts, proper nasal hygiene can sometimes help. Keeping nasal passages clear can help support the natural drainage system of the tears. Regular pediatric check-ups are also valuable opportunities to discuss persistent concerns about eye health or development.