Many individuals occasionally notice small bumps on their areolas, the darker skin surrounding the nipples. These bumps are generally a normal and harmless part of breast anatomy, present in both men and women. Understanding them can help alleviate concerns and provide insight into breast health.
Understanding Areola Bumps
The bumps visible on the areola are specialized glands known as Montgomery glands. They are a combination of sebaceous (oil-producing) glands and may also contain milk glands. These small, raised protrusions vary in number, often appearing as tiny goosebumps.
Montgomery glands serve several functions related to breast health and, particularly, infant feeding. They produce an oily, waxy substance that lubricates the nipple and areola, helping to prevent dryness and cracking. This secretion also contains antibacterial properties, providing protection against infection for the nipple and surrounding tissues. The glands emit a distinct scent that can help newborns locate the nipple and encourage latching during breastfeeding.
Common Reasons for Increased Prominence
The visibility of Montgomery glands can change due to various physiological and hormonal influences. For instance, changes in estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle can lead to these glands becoming more apparent.
During puberty, Montgomery glands develop and may become more prominent. Pregnancy also triggers substantial hormonal changes, particularly increases in estrogen and progesterone, which often cause the glands to enlarge and become more numerous. This enlargement is considered a normal part of the breast’s preparation for potential breastfeeding.
When breastfeeding, Montgomery glands continue to play an active role, maintaining their prominence as they secrete lubricating oils and the scent that aids infant feeding. After breastfeeding ceases, these glands shrink, though they may not return to their pre-pregnancy size. Less commonly, factors such as nipple stimulation, changes in body temperature, stress, certain medications, or sudden weight fluctuations can also contribute to their temporary enlargement.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While areola bumps are benign, certain signs and symptoms warrant medical attention. A healthcare professional should be consulted if there are sudden changes in the size or number of the bumps, or if new lumps appear in the breast tissue.
Pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, or swelling in or around the bumps are concerning indicators. Any discharge from the bumps, especially if it is bloody or pus-like, also requires evaluation. Itching, a rash, or other unexplained skin changes on the areola or nipple should prompt a medical visit. Bumps that do not resolve or worsen over time should also be assessed by a doctor.