Midges are tiny biting insects that can turn outdoor experiences into an irritating ordeal. These small flies, typically 1-3mm in size, cause itchy, red welts. Understanding and managing their presence is a common concern for anyone spending time outside.
Understanding Midges
Midges are small, gnat-like flies that often swarm in damp, marshy areas and near water sources like lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers. These locations are ideal breeding grounds where females lay eggs in moist soil or on water surfaces. Their life cycle includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Only female midges bite, as they need a blood meal to produce eggs. Midges are most active during low-light conditions, such as dawn and dusk, or on cloudy, humid days. Strong winds and direct sunlight deter them. Some individuals may be more attractive to midges, and reactions to bites vary among people.
Preventing Midge Bites
To minimize midge bites, use effective insect repellents. Products containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus are recommended for application to exposed skin. Permethrin-treated clothing can also offer an additional layer of protection.
Wearing appropriate clothing acts as a physical barrier. Long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and tightly woven fabrics prevent midges from reaching the skin. Opting for light-colored clothing may also help, as midges are more attracted to dark colors. Securing clothing openings around ankles and wrists can further enhance protection.
Timing outdoor activities to avoid peak midge activity, typically at dawn and dusk, can significantly reduce exposure. If outdoor time is necessary during these periods, choosing open, breezy locations away from dense vegetation or standing water is beneficial, as midges struggle in winds above 7mph. Installing fine-mesh screens on windows and doors provides a physical barrier to keep these tiny insects out of indoor spaces.
Treating Midge Bites
To alleviate discomfort from midge bites, promptly clean the affected area. Wash the bite with mild soap and water to remove any midge saliva and reduce the risk of infection. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in a cloth can help reduce swelling, inflammation, and itching.
Over-the-counter topical treatments such as hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can soothe the skin and relieve itching. Oral antihistamines can also be taken to lessen the allergic reaction and reduce itchiness. Avoid scratching midge bites, as this can worsen symptoms and increase the risk of secondary infections.
Controlling Midges
Reducing midge populations around a home or garden involves modifying their breeding habitats. Eliminating standing water sources is crucial, as midges lay their eggs in damp soil and water. This includes draining birdbaths, ensuring proper landscape drainage, and addressing accumulated moisture.
Using air movement can effectively deter midges from outdoor living areas. Fans on patios or decks create air currents that midges, being weak flyers, cannot easily navigate, making the space less appealing. For severe infestations, midge traps can be used, and professional pest control options are available. Environmental controls and preventing breeding are primary steps in managing midge presence.