The term “surfer’s eye” refers to a common eye condition that can affect anyone, not just surfers. It describes a non-cancerous growth on the surface of the eye. While the name suggests a specific origin, the condition is more broadly associated with environmental factors.
The Medical Condition
The medical term for “surfer’s eye” is pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um). This condition is characterized by a raised, fleshy growth on the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye. Pterygia typically appear as a triangular or wedge-shaped tissue that often starts in the corner of the eye closest to the nose. This growth can range in color from whitish to pinkish and may contain visible blood vessels.
The Origin of the Name
The colloquial name “surfer’s eye” stems from its frequent occurrence among individuals who spend significant time in harsh environments. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a primary factor contributing to pterygium development. Surfers, in particular, face intense sunlight and reflective glare from water, increasing their UV exposure.
Beyond UV light, chronic irritation from wind, dust, sand, and saltwater spray also plays a role. These environmental irritants damage the eye’s surface, leading to abnormal tissue growth. While named after surfers, it commonly affects anyone with extensive outdoor exposure, such as farmers or construction workers, especially in hot, dry, and windy climates.
Development and Symptoms
Pterygium often develops slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms early on. As the growth progresses, individuals might experience persistent redness, inflammation, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Other symptoms can include a burning sensation, itching, and excessive tearing.
If the pterygium grows large enough to extend over the cornea, the clear front covering of the eye, it can begin to affect vision. This can lead to blurred vision, distorted vision, or even astigmatism, which is an irregular curvature of the cornea. In advanced cases, the growth may obscure the pupil, potentially impairing vision significantly.
Prevention and Management
Preventing the development or progression of pterygium primarily involves protecting the eyes from environmental irritants. Wearing UV-protective sunglasses is highly recommended, ideally wraparound styles that shield the eyes from light entering from the sides. Hats with wide brims also offer additional shade and protection from the sun’s rays.
For managing existing pterygium, non-surgical approaches are often the first step. Lubricating eye drops can alleviate discomfort, while anti-inflammatory or steroid eye drops may be prescribed for irritation and swelling. If the pterygium causes significant visual impairment, chronic irritation, or cosmetic concerns, surgical removal may be considered. During surgery, the growth is removed. A tissue graft, often from under the eyelid, is then used to cover the affected area, which helps reduce the chance of recurrence.