Boric acid is a naturally occurring compound derived from boron, known for its antiseptic and antifungal properties. It has been historically used in various household products and, more recently, in some over-the-counter vaginal suppositories for conditions like yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant individuals. Despite its widespread use, the safety of boric acid during pregnancy is a significant concern due to potential risks to both the pregnant individual and the developing fetus.
How Boric Acid Enters the Body
Even when applied topically, such as in vaginal suppositories, boric acid can be absorbed through mucous membranes and enter the bloodstream. This systemic absorption allows the compound to circulate throughout the body, potentially reaching the developing fetus.
Once absorbed, boric acid is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, with about 50% eliminated within 12 hours and approximately 90% within four days. While vaginal absorption is considered minimal compared to oral ingestion, even small amounts circulating in the body can be problematic during pregnancy.
Harmful Effects on Pregnancy and Fetus
The use of boric acid during pregnancy is advised against due to potential risks to the developing fetus. Although human studies are limited and definitive evidence is sparse, research suggests potential adverse outcomes, including teratogenic effects, which means causing birth defects. Animal studies have shown that high levels of oral exposure to boric acid can be teratogenic.
For instance, studies in rats and mice exposed to boric acid during gestation have indicated developmental toxicity, including fetal growth retardation and altered skeletal morphology, even at doses below those causing maternal toxicity. While the direct correlation to human intravaginal use is still under investigation due to differing absorption rates, guidelines from organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend avoiding boric acid suppositories during pregnancy.
Safe Treatment Options During Pregnancy
For common vaginal infections like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy, consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Self-treatment, especially with unapproved substances like boric acid, can pose risks. Medically approved and safe alternatives are available and are preferred.
For vaginal yeast infections, antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or terconazole are commonly recommended and can be safely used during pregnancy. These topical treatments are preferred over oral medications due to minimal systemic absorption and a lower risk of birth defects or other pregnancy complications. For bacterial vaginosis, healthcare providers prescribe antibiotics like metronidazole or clindamycin, which can be administered as vaginal gels, creams, or oral pills, depending on what is deemed safest and most effective for the pregnant individual.
What to Do if Boric Acid Was Used
If a pregnant individual has used boric acid, the immediate step is to contact their healthcare provider or an emergency service without delay. While there is no definitive evidence linking boric acid directly to miscarriage, experts advise against its use during pregnancy due to potential fetal risks. Prompt medical consultation is needed for assessment and guidance tailored to the individual’s specific situation. Inform the doctor about the amount used, how it was administered, and for how long, to help them determine the best course of action.