A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida yeast, most commonly Candida albicans, which naturally lives in the vaginal area. While typically harmless, an imbalance can lead to discomfort and various symptoms. Many women will experience at least one yeast infection in their lifetime, characterized by itching and irritation. Bleeding when wiping during such an infection can be concerning.
Why Bleeding Can Occur
Bleeding during a yeast infection is usually light, stemming from irritation and inflammation of sensitive vaginal and vulvar tissues. The Candida overgrowth causes these tissues to become red, swollen, and fragile, making the delicate skin more vulnerable to injury. Friction from wiping or sexual activity can cause small tears or micro-cracks in the inflamed vaginal walls or vulvar skin. These abrasions can result in light spotting or streaks of blood, typically a secondary effect of the tissue damage caused by the infection’s inflammatory response.
Accompanying Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Attention
Yeast infections present with several common symptoms alongside potential bleeding. These often include:
Intense itching and burning in and around the vagina and vulva.
Redness, swelling, and soreness in the affected area.
A thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge, often described as resembling cottage cheese.
Pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
It is important to seek medical attention if this is your first suspected yeast infection for an accurate diagnosis. Professional advice is also necessary if symptoms are severe, worsen, or do not improve after over-the-counter treatments. Recurrent infections (four or more in a year) or any doubt about the cause of symptoms warrant a doctor’s visit. If you are pregnant, have uncontrolled diabetes, or a weakened immune system, medical consultation is recommended for proper management.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment for yeast infections involves antifungal medications that eliminate fungal overgrowth. These medications are available in over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription forms. OTC options include creams, ointments, or suppositories containing active ingredients like miconazole or clotrimazole, often available in 1-day, 3-day, or 7-day courses. These topical treatments are inserted into the vagina and work locally to fight the yeast.
Prescription treatments may include stronger topical antifungals or oral medications like fluconazole, which is often taken as a single dose. Fluconazole works by damaging the fungal cell wall, killing the yeast throughout the body. For severe or recurrent infections, a healthcare provider might prescribe multiple oral doses or a longer course of treatment. Complete the full course of medication as directed, even if symptoms improve quickly, to ensure the infection is fully resolved and to prevent recurrence.
Prevention and Ongoing Care
Preventing recurrent yeast infections involves hygiene practices and lifestyle adjustments to maintain a healthy vaginal environment. Wear breathable clothing, such as cotton underwear, and avoid tight-fitting garments to reduce moisture and promote air circulation. Change out of wet swimsuits or sweaty workout clothes promptly to minimize the warm, moist conditions favorable for yeast growth.
Proper hygiene includes washing the external genital area with warm water and mild, unscented soap, while avoiding douching or scented feminine products, which disrupt the natural pH balance. Wiping from front to back after using the toilet prevents the spread of bacteria to the vagina. For individuals with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels is important, as high sugar levels contribute to yeast overgrowth. Reducing high sugar intake and incorporating probiotics may support a healthy microbial balance.