An unpleasant odor from the side of the nose can be concerning. Various factors, from skin conditions to nasal and sinus problems, can cause this odor. Identifying the underlying cause is the first step toward effective management.
Skin-Related Causes
The skin around the nose, especially in creases, can develop odors from natural secretions and microbial activity. The nose has many sebaceous glands and large pores, leading to high sebum (natural oil) production.
Sebum, sweat, and dead skin cells accumulate in skin folds. While sweat is odorless, bacteria and fungi on the skin metabolize these secretions, producing foul-smelling byproducts. Corynebacterium species contribute to odor by breaking down sweat compounds. An overgrowth of yeast like Malassezia, which feeds on skin oils, can also cause an unpleasant smell.
Conditions like seborrheic dermatitis (flaky, oily skin) worsen the problem by fostering microbial growth. Poor hygiene contributes to substance buildup and noticeable odor. Bacterial breakdown of sebum can produce a sour smell.
Nasal and Sinus Causes
Beyond skin issues, unpleasant smells can originate from nasal passages and sinuses. Sinus infections (sinusitis), whether viral, bacterial, or fungal, cause inflammation and mucus buildup. Trapped mucus and bacterial growth produce a strong, foul odor, often described as rotten.
Post-nasal drip, where excess mucus drains down the throat, is another common cause. Infections, allergies, or irritants can thicken mucus, making it harder to drain and leading to foul-smelling discharge. Nasal polyps, noncancerous growths in the nasal cavity or sinuses, can also cause a rotten smell. Fluid buildup from chronic inflammation within polyps contributes to odor, and large polyps can block passages, accumulating mucus and bacteria.
A foreign body lodged in a nostril, especially in children, can cause foul-smelling nasal discharge, usually from one nostril, and lead to infection. Dental issues like tooth decay or gum disease can also cause bad odors perceived in the nose, as bacteria and their byproducts can travel from the mouth to the sinuses.
Addressing the Odor and Prevention
Managing and preventing nasal odor involves hygiene and lifestyle adjustments. Regular face cleansing, especially around the nose, removes excess sebum, sweat, and dead skin cells. Washing twice daily with a gentle cleanser reduces odor-causing buildup. Exfoliating also helps remove dead skin cells and prevent clogged pores.
An oil-free moisturizer after cleansing balances skin hydration; overly dry skin can increase oil production. For oily skin, products with charcoal or zinc PCA absorb excess oil. Good hygiene, including hand washing, reduces bacteria transfer to the nasal area.
For internal causes like post-nasal drip or sinus issues, hydration thins mucus for easier drainage. Saline nasal sprays or rinses flush out mucus, allergens, and debris, reducing odor-causing buildup. A humidifier in dry environments maintains sinus moisture. Avoiding irritants like tobacco smoke and pollutants also supports nasal health.
When to Seek Professional Help
While home care can manage many nasal odors, certain symptoms warrant professional evaluation. If the odor persists over a week, or is severe and chronic, medical attention is needed. A doctor or ENT specialist can diagnose the underlying cause.
Seek professional help if the odor is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These include head or facial pain/pressure, fever, discolored (yellow, green, or gray) or foul-smelling nasal discharge, or a persistent cough. Nasal obstruction, vision changes, eye swelling, severe nosebleeds, or changes in mental status require immediate medical attention. For children, foul-smelling discharge from one nostril could indicate a foreign object, requiring prompt removal.