Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It primarily affects the nose, throat, and lungs. While many associate the flu with respiratory issues, stomach pain and discomfort are common questions. This article explores the connection between influenza and stomach upset.
Flu and Stomach Discomfort
Influenza can cause stomach discomfort. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can occur, though they are more common in children than adults. The flu virus does not typically replicate in the intestines, but its systemic effects can still impact the digestive system.
The body’s immune response to the influenza virus plays a role in these symptoms. When fighting the infection, the immune system releases chemicals called cytokines, which can affect various parts of the body, including the digestive tract. This inflammatory response can lead to general discomfort, muscle aches, and sometimes abdominal pain. Research also suggests that flu infection can alter the gut microbiota, potentially contributing to intestinal inflammation and symptoms like diarrhea.
Influenza Versus Gastroenteritis
It is important to distinguish between influenza and gastroenteritis, often referred to as “stomach flu.” Despite the similar-sounding name, gastroenteritis is not caused by the influenza virus. Instead, it is typically caused by different viruses, such as norovirus or rotavirus, which directly infect the digestive system.
The primary symptoms of influenza are respiratory, including fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. In contrast, gastroenteritis primarily manifests with symptoms directly related to the digestive tract, such as watery diarrhea, severe nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. While a low-grade fever can occur with gastroenteritis, it is usually less pronounced than the fever associated with influenza.
Other Flu Symptoms and Seeking Care
Beyond potential stomach discomfort, typical influenza symptoms include an abrupt onset of fever, chills, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, cough, sore throat, and a runny or stuffy nose. While some individuals, particularly children, may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea with the flu, these are generally not the most prominent symptoms.
It is advisable to seek medical attention if flu-like symptoms are severe or worsen. Warning signs in adults include difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, persistent pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen, sudden dizziness, confusion, or severe or persistent vomiting. Additionally, if flu symptoms improve but then return with a fever and worse cough, or if you are in a high-risk group for complications, medical consultation is recommended.