Tartar is a hardened deposit that accumulates on teeth. Its rapid buildup is a common concern, prompting questions about its causes. Understanding what tartar is and the factors contributing to its formation provides insight into managing this oral health issue.
Tartar Formation
Tartar, also known as dental calculus, begins as dental plaque. Plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that constantly forms on tooth surfaces. If plaque is not consistently removed through daily cleaning, minerals in saliva, such as calcium and phosphate, begin to incorporate into it. This mineralization causes the plaque to harden and calcify into tartar.
Once formed, tartar bonds strongly to tooth enamel and cannot be removed by regular brushing or flossing alone. Professional dental tools are required for its removal.
Factors Contributing to Rapid Buildup
Several factors can accelerate tartar accumulation on teeth.
Oral Hygiene
Insufficient oral hygiene is a primary cause, as plaque can harden into tartar within 24 to 72 hours if not removed. This includes not brushing thoroughly or regularly, or neglecting daily flossing, which allows plaque to remain in hard-to-reach areas.
Saliva Composition
Individual variations in saliva composition also play a significant role. Saliva with a higher concentration of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, can promote faster calcification of plaque. A more basic (alkaline) pH may also favor dental calculus formation.
Diet
Dietary choices impact tartar development by fueling plaque-forming bacteria. Frequent consumption of sugary or starchy foods and drinks provides these bacteria with a constant food source, leading to increased plaque accumulation.
Tooth Anatomy
Tooth anatomy and alignment can create areas where plaque is difficult to remove. Crooked teeth, rough tooth surfaces, or dental restorations with irregular margins provide sheltered spots where plaque accumulates more easily.
Genetics and Lifestyle
Some individuals are naturally more prone to rapid tartar accumulation due to genetic predispositions. Smoking and tobacco use significantly contribute to increased plaque and tartar buildup. Smoking reduces saliva production and creates a sticky layer on teeth that facilitates bacterial growth, making plaque and tartar harder to remove.
Health Implications of Tartar
The rapid buildup of tartar poses several risks to oral health. Tartar creates a rough, porous surface that provides an ideal environment for plaque and bacteria to adhere and thrive. This persistent bacterial presence can lead to irritation and inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis.
If gingivitis is left unaddressed, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis involves the breakdown of the tissues and bone supporting the teeth, potentially leading to gum recession, loose teeth, and tooth loss. Tartar also contributes to the risk of cavities, as it traps plaque and makes it challenging to clean the tooth surface, allowing acid-producing bacteria to erode enamel. Furthermore, the bacteria harbored within tartar can produce foul-smelling gases, contributing to persistent bad breath.
Effective Prevention and Professional Care
Preventing or minimizing rapid tartar buildup requires consistent oral hygiene and regular professional dental care.
At-Home Care
Brushing teeth twice daily for at least two minutes with a fluoride toothpaste removes plaque before it hardens. Daily flossing is equally important, as it removes plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gumline. Using an electric toothbrush can enhance plaque removal.
Dietary Habits
Reducing sugary and starchy foods limits the fuel source for plaque-forming bacteria. Drinking plenty of water helps rinse away food particles and stimulates saliva production.
Professional Care
Since tartar cannot be removed at home, regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential. Dentists or hygienists use specialized instruments to remove existing tartar through scaling. Antiseptic mouthwashes can help reduce bacteria and plaque, but they are not a substitute for mechanical brushing and flossing.