The burning sensation that often accompanies a runny nose is a common but uncomfortable experience. This irritation is the direct result of a two-part assault on the delicate skin below the nostrils. The discomfort is caused by the chemical composition of the nasal discharge combined with physical damage from frequent tissue use. Understanding these causes is the first step toward finding effective relief and protecting the skin barrier.
The Chemical Components of Irritation
The mucus, or snot, responsible for the irritation is a complex biological fluid whose makeup changes depending on the cause of the runny nose. Healthy nasal mucus is slightly acidic (pH 6.3 to 6.4), which maintains the natural balance of the nasal lining. When an infection or allergic reaction occurs, this pH can shift to a more neutral or even alkaline range (7.2 or higher). This shift immediately irritates the skin’s naturally acidic protective mantle.
Inflammatory compounds further exacerbate chemical burning. When the immune system detects a threat, it releases chemical mediators like histamines and cytokines into the nasal passages. These compounds increase mucus production, but constant contact with the skin triggers a localized inflammatory response, causing redness and stinging. Additionally, nasal mucus contains digestive enzymes (lysozyme and proteases) designed to break down pathogens. These enzymes mildly irritate and degrade the proteins and lipids on the skin surface, increasing the raw feeling.
How Wiping Damages the Skin Barrier
The chemical irritation from the mucus is significantly amplified by the physical trauma of frequent nose wiping. The outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum, functions as a protective barrier made of tough cells held together by natural fats. Repeated friction from blowing or rubbing, especially with rough tissues, creates a mechanically induced dermatitis. This action strips away protective oils and skin cells, causing micro-abrasions and leaving the underlying skin exposed and vulnerable to chemical irritants.
Constant exposure to moisture from the runny nose also causes maceration. Maceration is the softening and breakdown of the skin that occurs when it stays wet for too long, often causing it to look soggy and whitish. This saturation compromises the skin’s integrity, making it fragile and unable to defend itself against irritating chemicals. The combination of a physically compromised, macerated skin barrier and chemically irritating mucus results in the intense burning and chapping sensation.
Soothing and Preventing Skin Burn
The most effective strategy for soothing and preventing skin burn centers on barrier protection and gentle technique. Immediately after blowing your nose, gently pat the area dry. Apply a protective, occlusive ointment to create a physical shield against the irritating mucus. Products containing white petroleum jelly, zinc oxide, or specialized balms seal in the skin’s natural moisture while blocking chemical components from making contact. These thick ointments should be applied frequently, even after every blow, to maintain a continuous protective layer.
A gentle blowing technique is paramount to minimizing mechanical damage. Instead of forcefully blowing with both nostrils closed, blow one nostril at a time using minimal force. When wiping, dab the skin to blot the mucus rather than rubbing, which causes abrasive friction. Using soft, high-quality tissues, preferably those infused with moisturizing ingredients like aloe or lotion, will reduce the severity of mechanical damage. Finally, avoid products that contain potential irritants like menthol, alcohol, or strong fragrances, which cause further stinging on already compromised skin.