The irresistible urge to rub one’s eyes, often followed by a distinct feeling of relief or comfort, is a common experience. This simple action, performed daily, holds surprising reasons for the sensations it evokes. Eye rubbing’s agreeable nature stems from an interplay of immediate physical responses, neurological connections, and psychological patterns.
The Immediate Physical Sensation
Applying gentle pressure to the eyeballs activates the oculocardiac reflex, a physiological response involving the trigeminal and vagus nerves. This reflex slows the heart rate, contributing to a calming sensation. This shift provides immediate relief from tension.
The mechanical action of rubbing stimulates the lacrimal glands, producing tears. These tears lubricate the eye surface, washing away irritants or foreign particles causing discomfort. The fresh moisture instantly soothes irritated eyes, providing relief.
Eye rubbing can also cause phosphenes, flashes of light or color seen without actual light. These visual sensations occur due to mechanical stimulation of the retina’s photoreceptor cells. While not directly contributing to comfort, this momentary visual stimuli can be distracting, diverting attention from eye strain or fatigue.
The Brain’s Comfort Connection
The brain interprets eye rubbing’s physical sensations as comfort and well-being. Pressure applied to the eyes, especially with the oculocardiac reflex, triggers the release of neurochemicals. Among these are endorphins, natural pain relievers and mood elevators.
Endorphin release contributes to calm and relaxation, reducing discomfort and fostering contentment. This biochemical response reinforces the positive sensation, making it a self-rewarding behavior. The brain associates the action with this pleasant chemical release, strengthening the urge to rub.
Eye rubbing functions as an instinctive self-soothing mechanism during fatigue, stress, or mild irritation. Similar to a child rubbing a comforting blanket, this habitual action provides familiar sensory input. The repetitive motion offers psychological comfort, acting as a small, controllable ritual that alleviates unease or overstimulation.
Considering the Impact of Eye Rubbing
While eye rubbing’s immediate sensations are pleasant, understanding its broader impact is important, especially when done excessively or forcefully. Vigorous rubbing can damage the cornea, leading to a corneal abrasion. These scratches cause pain, redness, blurred vision, and increased light sensitivity.
Applying pressure to the eyes can temporarily increase intraocular pressure, the fluid pressure inside the eyeball. For individuals with conditions like glaucoma, or those predisposed, repeated increases in intraocular pressure could be a concern. Elevated pressure over time can affect the optic nerve.
Hands frequently carry bacteria and other microorganisms. Rubbing the eyes can transfer these microbes, introducing them to the ocular surface and increasing the risk of eye infections like conjunctivitis. Maintaining hand hygiene is important to minimize this risk.
Beyond serious considerations, persistent eye rubbing can contribute to cosmetic issues like dark circles under the eyes. It can also rupture tiny blood vessels, causing visible broken capillaries. For eye discomfort, alternatives like blinking more frequently, using lubricating eye drops, taking screen breaks, or resting can provide relief without adverse effects.