Vaginal itching during menstruation is a common experience that can cause discomfort. Understanding the underlying factors can guide self-care or medical attention. Physiological changes and external influences can lead to this irritation.
Hormonal Changes and Vaginal pH
Hormonal shifts throughout the menstrual cycle influence the vaginal environment. Estrogen and progesterone fluctuations play a significant role. Before and during menstruation, estrogen levels decline. This reduction causes dryness and sensitivity.
The vagina maintains an acidic pH (3.8-4.5), crucial for beneficial bacteria like lactobacilli, inhibiting harmful microorganisms. Menstrual blood has a higher, more alkaline pH (around 7.4), temporarily raising vaginal pH and making the environment less acidic. This shift can disrupt vaginal flora balance, increasing irritation susceptibility.
Common Microbial Imbalances
Hormonal and pH shifts during menstruation can lead to common vaginal infections. Two prevalent conditions are yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV).
Yeast infections (candidiasis) occur from an overgrowth of Candida fungus, naturally present. Symptoms include intense itching, burning, and a thick, white, odorless discharge resembling cottage cheese.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) results from an imbalance where bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis overgrow beneficial lactobacilli. BV is characterized by a thin, grey or white discharge with a strong, “fishy” odor, often more noticeable after intercourse or during menstruation. Itching can be a BV symptom, but is less pronounced than with a yeast infection. Both conditions require different treatments: antifungals for yeast infections and antibiotics for BV.
External Irritants and Sensitivities
External factors can contribute to or worsen vaginal itching during menstruation. The sensitive skin of the vulva and vagina can react to irritants and allergens in products. Scented menstrual pads, tampons, wipes, soaps, or laundry detergents can contain chemicals, dyes, or fragrances triggering contact dermatitis or allergic reactions. These cause itching, redness, or discomfort.
Friction from sanitary products, especially if highly absorbent or not changed frequently, can cause irritation. Tight clothing or synthetic underwear can trap moisture and heat, creating a less breathable environment that may exacerbate irritation. Choosing unscented, hypoallergenic products and breathable cotton underwear can minimize exposure to irritants.
Understanding When to Seek Help and Finding Relief
Occasional vaginal itching during menstruation might resolve, but certain signs indicate the need for medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional if itching is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms.
These include unusual changes in vaginal discharge, such as color, consistency, or strong odor. Other red flags are pain or burning during urination or intercourse, visible skin changes like sores, redness, swelling, or white patches around the genital area. If self-care measures do not alleviate symptoms, or if there is a recurrent pattern of itching, seek professional guidance.
To alleviate discomfort and prevent recurrence, several self-care strategies are beneficial. Maintaining good genital hygiene by washing the vulva with plain water or a mild, unscented cleanser is recommended, as the vagina is self-cleaning and douching can disrupt its natural balance. Avoiding known irritants, such as scented hygiene products, harsh soaps, and fabric softeners, is important. Opting for breathable cotton underwear and changing menstrual products regularly can reduce moisture buildup and friction. These measures support a healthy vaginal environment and can manage itching.