Tooth pain experienced when a tooth moves or is subjected to pressure often signals an underlying issue within the tooth or its surrounding structures. This sensation can range from mild discomfort to a sharp ache, indicating a need for attention. Ignoring such pain can lead to worsening conditions and more complex dental problems.
Common Causes of Pain When Moving Your Tooth
Dental caries, or cavities, can cause pain upon tooth movement when decay exposes the dentin, the layer beneath the enamel. This exposure allows external stimuli, such as pressure from biting or chewing, to reach the nerve endings within the tooth. As the cavity deepens, the pulp chamber, containing nerves and blood vessels, becomes vulnerable to irritation from movement.
Cracked tooth syndrome involves a fracture in the tooth, extending into the dentin or even the pulp. When biting down, the crack can momentarily open, stimulating the pulp. Pain typically occurs upon release of the bite as the crack closes. This intermittent pressure and release can cause sharp, fleeting pain with specific movements.
Pulpitis, inflammation of the dental pulp, can cause pain when a tooth is moved or pressed. Reversible pulpitis causes sensitivity to pressure due to mild inflammation, while irreversible pulpitis involves persistent inflammation or infection that generates intense pain with any pressure or movement. This inflammation increases internal pressure within the tooth, making it sensitive to external forces.
A dental abscess, an infection at the root tip or in the gum tissue, creates a pocket of pus that exerts pressure on surrounding structures. This pressure buildup can cause throbbing pain that intensifies with any movement, biting, or even light touch on the affected tooth. Inflammation and swelling associated with an abscess contribute to sensitivity to pressure.
Periodontal disease, an infection of the gums and supporting bone, can lead to the loosening of teeth as the bone deteriorates. When a tooth loses its stable foundation, even slight movements, such as chewing or touching, can cause pain. Inflammation of the periodontal ligaments, which anchor the tooth to the bone, also contributes to discomfort during movement.
Bruxism, the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth, places excessive force on the teeth and temporomandibular joints. This constant pressure can strain the periodontal ligaments and pulp, leading to generalized tooth sensitivity and pain when teeth are moved or pressed. Repetitive stress can also create microfractures in the enamel or dentin, further contributing to discomfort.
Sinus issues, particularly infections or inflammation in the maxillary sinuses, can cause referred pain that mimics a toothache. The roots of upper teeth often extend into or are close to the sinus cavity, so pressure or inflammation within the sinus can be perceived as pain in the teeth, especially with head movements or bending over. Recent dental work, such as fillings or crowns, can also cause temporary sensitivity to pressure or movement. This post-procedure discomfort typically subsides within a few days or weeks as the tooth recovers and settles into its new restoration.
When to Seek Professional Dental Care
Seek professional dental care if you experience persistent or severe tooth pain with movement. Pain that does not subside within a day or two, or that worsens, requires prompt evaluation. Ignoring such discomfort can allow underlying conditions to escalate, leading to more extensive damage.
Swelling in the gums, face, or jaw accompanying tooth pain indicates an infection that requires immediate attention. A fever alongside tooth pain suggests the infection may be spreading beyond the immediate tooth area. Difficulty opening your mouth fully or swallowing can also point to an infection or abscess needing urgent dental intervention.
Any visible signs of trauma to a tooth, such as a chip, crack, or fracture, warrants a dental visit. Self-diagnosis and home remedies are not sufficient for issues causing pain with tooth movement, as these symptoms signify conditions that require professional assessment and treatment to prevent further complications.
Understanding Dental Diagnosis and Treatment Options
A dental visit for tooth pain on movement begins with a thorough clinical examination. The dentist will visually inspect your teeth and gums, palpate the area around the affected tooth, and inquire about the nature and duration of your pain. This assessment helps narrow down potential causes and guides further diagnostic steps.
Dental imaging, such as X-rays, provides detailed views of the tooth roots, surrounding bone, and internal structures. These images can reveal hidden decay, bone loss from periodontal disease, abscesses, or fractures not visible during a clinical exam. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan may also provide a three-dimensional view of the area.
Vitality testing helps determine the health of the tooth’s pulp. Cold or hot tests involve applying temperature stimuli to the tooth to assess its nerve response, while electric pulp testing uses an electrical current. Percussion tests, where the dentist taps on the tooth, and bite tests help identify specific teeth causing pain and pinpoint the location of a crack or inflammation.
Restorative Treatments
For decay or cracks, a filling or crown may be placed to restore the tooth’s structure and protect the pulp. If pulpitis is irreversible or an abscess is present, root canal therapy is performed to remove the infected pulp and seal the tooth. If a tooth is unsalvageable, extraction may be necessary.
Other Treatments
Periodontal treatments, such as deep cleaning or gum surgery, address gum disease and stabilize loose teeth. If pain stems from bruxism, a custom-fitted nightguard can protect teeth from grinding forces. Referrals to specialists may be made for issues like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders or chronic sinus problems affecting dental health.
Steps to Maintain Oral Health
Maintaining consistent oral hygiene practices helps prevent conditions that lead to tooth pain on movement. Brushing teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and flossing once a day removes plaque and food particles, reducing the risk of cavities and gum disease. This regular removal prevents buildup that can irritate gums and lead to decay.
Attending regular dental check-ups and cleanings, typically every six months, allows dentists to identify and address potential issues early. Professional cleanings remove tartar buildup that cannot be eliminated by brushing alone, protecting against gum inflammation and decay. Early detection of problems can prevent them from progressing to painful stages.
Adopting a balanced diet and limiting sugary foods and drinks contributes to oral health. Sugars feed oral bacteria that produce acids, eroding tooth enamel and leading to cavities. Reducing sugar intake minimizes this acid attack, preserving tooth structure and reducing the risk of dental problems.
Wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard during sports activities can protect teeth from traumatic injuries that might cause fractures or displacement. For individuals with bruxism, a nightguard can cushion the teeth and jaw, preventing excessive force during grinding or clenching. Avoiding chewing on hard objects, such as ice, pens, or popcorn kernels, helps prevent chips, cracks, and fractures that can lead to pain with tooth movement.