A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) unit provides pain relief by delivering mild electrical impulses. However, a stinging sensation during TENS therapy indicates an issue that needs addressing for safe and effective use. This discomfort suggests an improper interaction between the device, electrodes, and your skin, hindering the intended pain relief.
How TENS Interacts with Skin
TENS units send low-voltage electrical currents through electrode pads placed on the skin. These impulses stimulate nerve cells, blocking pain signals from reaching the brain and encouraging the body to release natural pain-relieving endorphins. The desired sensation during TENS therapy is a comfortable tingling, buzzing, or tapping feeling.
The skin resists this electrical current. A proper connection between the electrode and skin is important for effective and comfortable impulse transmission. When this interaction is compromised, the electrical current may not disperse evenly, leading to an unpleasant stinging or pricking sensation.
Key Reasons for Stinging
Stinging during TENS unit use often stems from issues with electrodes, skin, or device settings. Electrode problems are a common culprit, including poor adhesion, dried out or old pads, or pads too small for the area being treated. Placing electrodes over bony prominences or incorrect placement (e.g., pads too close or touching) can also concentrate the current and cause discomfort.
Skin conditions significantly influence electrical current flow. Dry skin, broken skin, or the presence of lotions, oils, or excessive hair can interfere with proper electrode contact and cause stinging. Sensitive skin may also react intensely to electrical impulses or electrode adhesive, sometimes resulting in allergic reactions or irritation.
Device settings also play a role in comfort. If intensity is set too high, or if frequency or pulse width are not appropriate for an individual’s sensitivity, it can lead to an uncomfortable burning or stinging sensation. Low-quality electrodes or an allergic reaction to their material can cause skin irritation. A malfunctioning device or loose connections can also lead to irregular pulses that feel like stinging.
Steps to Stop Stinging
To stop TENS unit stinging, begin by checking the electrodes. Ensure they are fresh, have sufficient gel, and adhere firmly and evenly to your skin. If pads are dried out or old, replacing them can often resolve the issue. Always ensure your skin is clean, dry, and free of lotions, oils, or moisturizers before applying electrodes, as these can create a barrier and impede proper electrical conduction.
Consider trimming excessive hair in the area where electrodes will be placed to ensure better contact and prevent uneven current delivery. When adjusting the device, start with the intensity at the lowest setting and gradually increase it until you feel a strong but comfortable tingling sensation, avoiding any painful pricking or stinging. Experiment with different electrode sizes and types, as some may be more suitable for your skin or the area of application. If electrodes are positioned over bony areas, try repositioning them to a fleshier part of the muscle nearby to improve comfort and current distribution. Regularly altering electrode placement slightly each time can also help prevent localized skin irritation.
When to Talk to a Healthcare Professional
Most TENS unit stinging can be resolved with simple adjustments, but professional medical advice is sometimes important. If stinging persists despite troubleshooting or is accompanied by severe skin irritation, such as redness, rash, or burns, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider. These symptoms might indicate a more serious reaction or improper use that could lead to skin damage.
Seek medical guidance if you experience worsening pain after using the TENS unit, or if the device triggers new pain signals. If you are unsure about the proper use of your TENS unit for a specific condition, or if you have underlying health concerns like nerve damage or hypersensitivity, discussing your TENS therapy with a doctor or physical therapist is advisable. They can provide personalized recommendations for electrode placement, settings, and overall usage to ensure safe and effective pain management.