Experiencing pain in the left testicle can be a concerning symptom. This discomfort can range from a mild, intermittent ache to sudden and severe pain. While testicular pain is often not indicative of a serious condition, it should never be disregarded, as some causes require prompt medical attention. Understanding potential reasons helps in recognizing when professional evaluation is necessary.
Everyday Reasons for Pain
Inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle, is a frequent cause of pain. Epididymitis typically results from a bacterial infection, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, or from urinary tract infections. Symptoms often develop gradually, including tenderness, swelling, and pain, sometimes accompanied by fever or discharge from the penis. Urine reflux into the epididymis, possibly due to heavy lifting or straining, can also cause this inflammation.
Enlarged veins within the scrotum, known as a varicocele, are another common cause. These veins, often described as feeling like a “bag of worms,” frequently appear on the left side due to anatomical differences in the venous drainage. A varicocele can lead to a dull ache or a sensation of heaviness, which may worsen after standing for long periods or during physical exertion. While often harmless, varicoceles can sometimes affect sperm production or testicle size.
Fluid accumulation around the testicle, known as a hydrocele, can also cause discomfort and swelling. This fluid can make the scrotum feel heavy and, while often painless, may lead to pain if swelling becomes substantial. Hydroceles can result from injury, infection, or inflammation within the scrotum.
Direct impact or minor trauma to the groin area can cause immediate pain, bruising, and swelling in the testicle. Although the testicles are highly sensitive, the pain from minor injuries subsides quickly. However, any persistent pain or significant bruising after an injury warrants evaluation.
Sometimes, pain felt in the testicle originates from a problem elsewhere in the body, known as referred pain. Kidney stones, for instance, can cause sharp, cramping pain that radiates from the back or groin down to the testicle due to shared nerve pathways. Similarly, an inguinal hernia, where tissue bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles and descends into the scrotum, may present with testicular pain and swelling.
Serious Conditions That Need Urgent Care
A sudden, severe pain in the testicle can signal a medical emergency known as testicular torsion. This occurs when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, twists, cutting off blood flow. Symptoms include intense pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting, and the affected testicle may appear higher than usual. Immediate surgery is necessary to untwist the testicle and restore blood flow, as delaying treatment can lead to permanent damage or loss of the testicle.
While often presenting as a painless lump, testicular cancer can sometimes cause a dull ache, a feeling of heaviness, or discomfort. It is most common in males aged 15 to 35. Any new lump or change in the testicle should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional, as early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Significant trauma to the testicles can lead to severe injuries such as a rupture or internal bleeding. They are characterized by persistent, intense pain, extensive bruising, and swelling. Such incidents require urgent medical attention to assess the extent of the damage and prevent complications like blood pooling around the testicle.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek medical attention for testicular pain, especially if sudden and severe. Immediate evaluation is advised for sudden, intense pain, pain with nausea, vomiting, or fever, or pain lasting over an hour. Swelling, a new lump, or blood in urine or semen, particularly after injury, also warrant prompt medical consultation.
For less urgent but persistent concerns, such as mild pain lasting more than a few days, or any noticeable change in the size, shape, or feel of a testicle, make an appointment with a healthcare provider. During an examination, a doctor will perform a physical assessment and may recommend further diagnostic tests. Tests may include an ultrasound or a urine test for infection. Self-diagnosis is not recommended; professional medical advice is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.