Noticing a yellow spot on the eye can be unexpected. These spots frequently appear on the white part of the eye and, while often harmless, understanding their characteristics and causes can provide clarity.
Understanding Yellow Spots on the Eye
A yellow spot on the eye typically appears as a yellowish or whitish growth on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye (sclera). These growths are usually located near the cornea, often closer to the nose, but can also appear on the outer side. They can be slightly raised, round, or triangular. While colors vary from yellowish to light brown, they are distinct from issues affecting the iris or pupil.
Primary Causes of Yellow Spots
Yellow spots on the eye are primarily linked to benign growths, most commonly pinguecula and pterygium. These conditions are largely associated with environmental factors.
Pinguecula
A pinguecula is a yellowish patch or bump on the conjunctiva, typically near the cornea. It commonly appears on the nasal side of the eye, but can also be found on the temporal side. Pingueculae result from chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, dust, wind, and dryness. They are common and generally do not affect vision. However, they can sometimes cause irritation, dryness, or a gritty sensation if they disrupt the tear film.
Pterygium
A pterygium is a fleshy, wedge-shaped growth that also originates on the conjunctiva. Unlike a pinguecula, a pterygium can extend onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This growth often appears pinkish or whitish and may contain visible blood vessels. Similar to pingueculae, pterygia are associated with long-term exposure to UV radiation, wind, and dust. While a pterygium may start as a pinguecula, its ability to grow over the cornea differentiates it, potentially changing the shape of the cornea and affecting vision, causing blurriness or astigmatism.
When to Consult a Professional
While many yellow spots on the eye are harmless, certain signs and symptoms warrant a professional evaluation. Consulting an eye care provider is advisable if you notice a new growth or if an existing spot changes. A professional diagnosis is important to rule out other conditions and ensure appropriate management.
You should seek medical attention if the yellow spot exhibits rapid growth or changes in shape or color. Symptoms such as pain, persistent redness, or inflammation around the spot also indicate a need for professional assessment. If you experience vision changes, including blurriness, distorted vision, or an obstruction, especially if the growth extends onto the cornea, an eye exam is essential. Significant discomfort, a persistent feeling of having something in your eye, or an inability to wear contact lenses comfortably because of the growth also signal it is time to see an eye care professional.
Care and Prevention
Managing existing yellow spots and preventing their formation or worsening involves several practical steps. Protecting your eyes from environmental elements is a primary strategy. Sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays are recommended when outdoors, as UV exposure is a significant contributing factor to these growths. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat can provide additional protection from direct sunlight.
Using artificial tears can help if the eye feels dry or irritated, as dryness can exacerbate symptoms. These drops can improve comfort by maintaining ocular surface moisture. Avoiding irritants such as dust, wind, and smoke also helps prevent irritation and potential growth progression. For those in dusty or windy conditions, protective eyewear can be beneficial.
Treatment for a pinguecula is generally conservative, focusing on symptom relief with lubricating eye drops. Steroid eye drops may be prescribed if inflammation occurs. Surgical removal of a pinguecula is rare and typically considered only if it causes significant discomfort, interferes with contact lens wear, or is cosmetically bothersome. Pterygium management involves monitoring its growth. If a pterygium grows large enough to affect vision or causes persistent symptoms, surgical removal may be necessary.