Experiencing elbow pain after a fall is common. The elbow is a complex joint. While some pain might be minor, falls can result in various injuries, some requiring professional medical attention. This article explores the different types of elbow injuries that can arise from a fall and provides guidance on when to seek care.
Understanding Common Elbow Injuries After a Fall
Falls can lead to several types of elbow injuries, often from a direct impact or falling onto an outstretched hand.
Contusions
Contusions, or bruises, are less severe injuries. They occur when small blood vessels under the skin are damaged, leading to pain, swelling, and discoloration around the elbow. A bruised elbow often resolves within a few days to weeks.
Sprains
Sprains involve damage to the ligaments, the strong bands of tissue connecting bones. An elbow sprain can happen if the arm is twisted or ligaments are overloaded during a fall. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and a limited range of motion. A “pop” or “snap” sound might indicate a torn ligament.
Fractures
Fractures, or broken bones, are serious injuries that can occur in the elbow. Common locations include the olecranon (bony tip of the elbow), the radial head, or the distal humerus. These injuries often result from direct trauma. Severe pain, swelling, bruising, and an inability to move the elbow are typical symptoms. A visible deformity or “popping” sound may also be present.
Dislocations
Dislocations happen when the forearm bones are forced out of alignment with the upper arm bone at the elbow joint. Falling with an arm fully outstretched is a common cause. Symptoms are usually severe, including extreme pain, obvious deformity of the joint, significant swelling, and a complete inability to move the arm. Dislocated elbows can also damage nerves or blood vessels.
Recognizing When to Seek Medical Care
Determining when to seek medical attention after an elbow injury from a fall is important. While some minor injuries can be managed at home, certain signs indicate the need for prompt evaluation.
Seek immediate medical care if you experience:
Severe pain that does not improve with rest, or is present even when not using your arm.
A visible deformity around the elbow joint, such as an unusual angle or a new lump.
Inability to move the elbow or hand normally, or difficulty bending or straightening the arm.
Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand or fingers, which could indicate nerve damage.
Rapidly developing or intense swelling and bruising.
A “pop” or “snap” sound at the time of injury, or if a bone is exposed through the skin.
If initial self-care measures do not lead to improvement after a few days, or if symptoms escalate, consulting a healthcare provider is advised.
Immediate Care and What to Expect During Recovery
After an elbow injury from a fall, immediate self-care can help manage symptoms while you assess the situation or await medical attention. The R.I.C.E. protocol is a common approach for minor musculoskeletal injuries.
R.I.C.E. Protocol
Rest: Avoid activities that cause pain to prevent further strain and allow initial healing.
Ice: Apply ice to the injured area for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day, to reduce swelling and numb pain. Wrap ice in a cloth to avoid direct contact with the skin.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage snugly around the elbow to help control swelling, but ensure it is not too tight to restrict blood flow.
Elevation: Elevate the injured elbow above the level of your heart to assist in reducing swelling.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation, following dosage instructions carefully.
For minor contusions or sprains, recovery might occur within days to a couple of weeks. More severe injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, will require professional guidance and a longer recovery period, potentially weeks to months, often involving immobilization and physical therapy. Following medical advice regarding activity levels and rehabilitation is important for optimal healing and to prevent re-injury.