The submental region, commonly called the “double chin,” contains layers of skin, fat, muscles, lymph nodes, and salivary glands. While often associated with excess fat, pain or tenderness in this area suggests an underlying medical issue affecting one of these deeper structures. Discomfort can range from a minor, temporary ache to a symptom signaling a condition that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding the possible sources of this pain is the first step toward finding relief.
Localized Inflammation and Skin Irritation
A frequent, temporary cause of discomfort relates to the lymph nodes, which are small structures that filter lymph fluid. When these nodes swell (cervical lymphadenopathy), they become tender and palpable beneath the skin. This swelling signals that the immune system is fighting a nearby infection, such as a common cold, tonsillitis, or strep throat. The localized pain usually subsides within one to two weeks as the body overcomes the infection.
The skin itself can also be the source of pain, especially where the submental fold creates a moist environment. Conditions like folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles) or acne cysts can cause localized, painful lumps. Intertrigo, a rash caused by skin rubbing against skin, can also develop in the submental folds, leading to redness and tenderness. These superficial issues are typically visible and cause discomfort upon touch or movement.
Glandular Issues and Musculoskeletal Strain
Deeper within the submental region are the submandibular salivary glands, which can become inflamed or infected (sialadenitis). This condition often presents as painful swelling beneath the jawline. The pain intensifies during or immediately after eating, as the gland attempts to produce saliva against an obstruction or infection. Sialadenitis can be caused by a bacterial infection or a salivary stone (sialolith) blocking the saliva duct.
Muscular tension frequently contributes to submental pain, often originating outside the immediate area. Poor posture, such as the forward head position from looking down at screens (“tech neck”), strains the muscles connecting the jaw and neck. This sustained muscle imbalance leads to a persistent ache or tenderness beneath the chin. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction or chronic jaw clenching can also cause referred pain to radiate into the muscles of the upper neck and submental area.
Referred Pain and Underlying Systemic Conditions
Pain felt in the submental area can be referred pain, meaning the sensation originates elsewhere but is perceived under the chin due to shared nerve pathways. Dental problems are a common source; an abscessed or severely infected lower molar can send pain signals interpreted as coming from the jaw or neck. Acute throat infections, such as tonsillitis or pharyngitis, can also cause pain that radiates into the submental area, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact origin.
Less commonly, systemic conditions can manifest as pain or swelling in this region. Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid gland, causes tenderness and a feeling of fullness in the neck that mimics submental pain. Deep neck space infections, such as Ludwig’s angina, are more concerning. This is a rapidly spreading bacterial infection originating on the floor of the mouth, often from an infected tooth. It causes significant, rapidly worsening pain and swelling beneath the jaw and tongue.
Guidance on Seeking Medical Attention
While many causes of submental pain are minor and resolve on their own, persistent or rapidly worsening symptoms require medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider if the pain is severe, lasts longer than one to two weeks, or is accompanied by other signs of illness. Swollen lymph nodes that feel hard, are fixed in place, or continue to enlarge over several weeks also warrant professional assessment.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if the pain is accompanied by red-flag symptoms indicating a severe infection or airway compromise. These symptoms include a high fever, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), difficulty breathing, or a change in your voice. Rapidly increasing swelling under the jaw, especially with fever and chills, should be considered an emergency. A doctor can perform a physical examination and necessary tests, such as blood work or imaging, to accurately diagnose the source of the discomfort and ensure appropriate treatment.