An uneven bite occurs when teeth do not meet uniformly, feeling like some touch before others or one side is higher or lower. This common experience can disrupt the natural alignment of the jaw and teeth.
Common Reasons for an Uneven Bite
Recent dental work, such as a new filling, crown, or bridge, can result in a bite that feels uneven. If the restoration is slightly too high or low, it can prevent opposing teeth from meeting correctly. A lost filling or chipped tooth can also alter the occlusal surface, leading to an imbalance. Worn-down teeth from habits like teeth grinding, known as bruxism, can change how upper and lower teeth fit together. Teeth can also shift over time due to factors like tooth loss, gum disease causing bone loss, or orthodontic relapse.
Jaw-related factors frequently contribute to an uneven bite. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction involves conditions affecting the jaw joint and chewing muscles. Issues like a displaced disc within the joint, arthritis, or muscle imbalances can alter the jaw’s movement or resting position, leading to bite imbalance. Injury or trauma to the face or jaw can also impact jaw alignment. Muscle spasms in the jaw can temporarily affect how teeth come together.
Other considerations include changes in tooth position due to orthodontic relapse, where teeth shift back after braces. New dentures or removable dental appliances that do not fit correctly can also create an uneven bite. The natural aging process can lead to general wear on teeth, causing subtle changes that contribute to an uneven feeling over time.
Associated Symptoms and Potential Complications
An uneven bite can lead to a range of symptoms. Many individuals experience jaw pain or discomfort, particularly in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can manifest as soreness or stiffness. Headaches, especially tension headaches, are commonly reported, often stemming from strained jaw and facial muscles working to compensate for the bite imbalance. Earaches without infection, neck pain, and muscle soreness in the face or jaw are also associated.
Difficulty chewing, tooth sensitivity, or clicking and popping sounds in the jaw joint can occur. In some cases, the jaw might even lock when opening or closing. If an uneven bite is left unaddressed, it can lead to complications. Persistent uneven pressure can cause excessive tooth wear, leading to chipped or fractured teeth, and potential gum recession.
Chronic pain can develop, impacting an individual’s quality of life and potentially affecting sleep quality. An untreated uneven bite can contribute to the progression of TMJ disorders, potentially causing long-term joint damage. It can also make maintaining proper oral hygiene more challenging, increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches
Dental professionals diagnose an uneven bite with a comprehensive clinical examination. This involves a visual inspection of the teeth and jaw, along with the use of bite paper to identify areas of uneven contact. Palpation of the jaw muscles helps assess for tenderness or spasms. Patient history and a review of symptoms provide important context.
Dental X-rays, such as panoramic or periapical views, are often taken to evaluate tooth position, bone structure, and the health of the jaw joints. In more complex cases, three-dimensional imaging like Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) may be used to gain a detailed view of craniofacial structures. These diagnostic tools help pinpoint the underlying cause.
Treatment approaches vary depending on the specific cause and severity of the misalignment. Minor bite discrepancies can often be corrected with adjustments, which involve subtly reshaping small areas of tooth surfaces through a procedure known as occlusal equilibration. If the issue stems from dental restorations, replacing or adjusting existing fillings or crowns can resolve the problem. For chipped teeth, dental bonding can restore proper tooth contour.
Orthodontics, including braces or clear aligners, are commonly used to realign teeth and improve the overall bite. These treatments gradually move teeth into their correct positions, establishing a more balanced bite. For issues related to TMJ dysfunction, therapy might include splints or nightguards to alleviate jaw pain and muscle tension. Physical therapy and certain medications can also support TMJ management. In rare and severe cases of jaw misalignment, such as those caused by birth defects or significant trauma, oral surgery may be considered to reposition the jawbones.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
Consulting a dentist or oral health professional is advisable if you experience a persistent uneven bite. This is particularly true if the discomfort continues or worsens over time. A professional evaluation can determine the underlying cause and guide appropriate action.
You should also seek professional guidance if new pain develops in your jaw, head, neck, or teeth. Difficulty chewing, speaking, or any noticeable clicking, popping, or locking of your jaw are indicators that warrant a dental visit. Prompt assessment is recommended if the uneven bite developed suddenly after an injury or recent dental work.
Any unexplained or noticeable changes in your bite without a clear cause should prompt a consultation. Addressing these issues early can help prevent potential complications and ensure your oral health.