After birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, leaving a small stump attached to the baby’s belly button. This stump typically shrivels, dries, and falls off within one to three weeks. Many new parents become attentive to the healing process of this stump, and a common concern arises when they notice any unusual odor.
Normal Umbilical Cord Characteristics
A healthy, healing umbilical cord stump undergoes several visible changes as it dries out and prepares to detach. Initially, it may appear yellowish-green and moist, gradually transitioning to a shriveled, hard, and black or dark brown appearance. As it dries, the stump typically becomes odorless or might emit a very faint, neutral scent that is not unpleasant.
Parents might notice a small amount of clear or yellowish fluid at the base just before it falls off, which is generally normal and indicates the separation process. These changes in appearance, along with the absence of a strong or foul smell, are indicators of a healthy healing process. The area around the base of the stump should remain consistent with the baby’s normal skin tone, without any signs of redness or swelling.
When a Smell is a Concern
While a healthy umbilical cord stump should be largely odorless, the presence of a distinct and unpleasant smell is often a sign that requires attention. A foul, cheesy, fishy, or strong odor emanating from the stump can indicate an infection. This type of smell is typically accompanied by other concerning symptoms around the naval area.
Parents might observe redness spreading from the base of the stump onto the surrounding skin of the abdomen. The skin around the stump may also appear swollen or feel tender to the touch, indicating inflammation. Another sign of infection is the presence of pus-like discharge, which can be yellowish, green, or cloudy, and may have a thick consistency. Bleeding that is more than a few drops, especially if it’s persistent, can also be a warning sign. In some cases, the baby might develop a fever, become lethargic, or show signs of irritability, all of which suggest a systemic issue potentially stemming from the cord infection.
Umbilical Cord Care and When to Seek Medical Advice
Proper care of the umbilical cord stump is important to promote healthy healing and minimize the risk of infection. Keeping the area clean and dry is a primary recommendation; parents can gently clean the base of the stump with water and mild soap if it becomes soiled, then pat it thoroughly dry. Allowing air to circulate around the stump is beneficial, as it aids in the drying process. Parents should fold the top of the baby’s diaper down below the stump to prevent irritation and allow for better air exposure.
Avoid submerging the stump in water until it has completely fallen off. Sponge baths are recommended during this period to keep the baby clean. While some mild oozing is normal as the stump detaches, parents should contact their pediatrician immediately if they notice any concerning symptoms. These include a strong foul odor, increasing redness or swelling around the base, pus-like discharge, significant or persistent bleeding, or if the baby develops a fever or appears unwell.