Armpit pain during pregnancy is a common concern for many expectant mothers. While often a benign symptom of the body’s adaptations, understanding the potential causes can offer reassurance and guide appropriate responses.
Common Pregnancy-Related Causes
Pregnancy initiates hormonal shifts, primarily involving increased levels of estrogen and progesterone, which impact breast tissue. These hormones stimulate breast growth and blood supply, preparing the body for lactation. This growth often extends into the armpit area, a region medically known as the “tail of Spence.” The expansion of this breast tissue can manifest as tenderness, swelling, fullness, or noticeable lumps.
The body’s fluid balance also changes during pregnancy, affecting the lymphatic system. Increased fluid retention can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, contributing to pain or discomfort. Lymph nodes can swell due to hormonal changes or mild inflammation during pregnancy.
Some individuals naturally possess accessory breast tissue, also known as polymastia, located outside the typical breast area, often in the armpit. This additional tissue responds to hormonal stimulation during pregnancy, leading to swelling and pain. This can sometimes result in lumps that produce milk, especially in later pregnancy or during breastfeeding.
Other Potential Reasons
Armpit pain during pregnancy can also stem from causes not exclusively tied to gestation but exacerbated by the physiological changes of this period. Skin irritations and infections, such as folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles), can cause discomfort. Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing painful lumps and abscesses, can also affect the armpits and may flare up during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Increased sweating and friction common in pregnancy can also contribute to heat rash or chafing, leading to pain or irritation in the armpit area.
Muscle strain is another possible source of armpit pain. Altered posture and increased weight during pregnancy can place additional stress on the muscles in the chest or arm, causing pain that refers to the armpit. Poorly fitting bras can also contribute to muscle strain and discomfort.
Benign cysts or lumps, such as sebaceous cysts, can develop in the armpit and cause localized pain. While not related to pregnancy, their presence might become more noticeable or symptomatic during this time. It is important to distinguish these from pregnancy-related breast tissue changes that also present as lumps.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While armpit pain during pregnancy is often benign, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Seek medical advice if the pain is severe, persistent, worsens over time, or does not improve after a week.
Accompanying symptoms that signal a need for medical attention include redness, warmth, significant swelling, or a distinct lump that feels different from general tissue swelling. The presence of fever, discharge from the armpit area, or skin changes like dimpling or thickening also requires immediate consultation. If the pain interferes with daily activities or disrupts sleep, a healthcare provider should be contacted. Though most causes are not serious, professional evaluation ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Managing Discomfort
Several practical measures can help alleviate armpit discomfort during pregnancy. Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing made from natural fibers like cotton can reduce friction and allow for better air circulation, minimizing irritation. Opting for supportive, non-underwire bras can provide comfort by reducing pressure on breast tissue extending into the armpit. Applying warm or cool compresses to the affected area can help soothe tenderness and reduce swelling.
Maintaining good hygiene is important to prevent skin irritations and infections. Gently cleansing the armpit area and ensuring it remains dry can prevent bacterial or fungal growth. If skin irritation is suspected, avoiding harsh deodorants or antiperspirants may be beneficial.
Engaging in gentle movement and light stretching can help alleviate muscle strain, while ensuring adequate rest aids recovery. For pain relief, acetaminophen is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but any medication should only be taken after consulting a healthcare provider.