Pain between teeth is a common and often uncomfortable experience. It can arise from various sources, both within the mouth and from other parts of the body. Understanding these potential reasons helps in identifying when professional dental care is needed and how to alleviate symptoms.
Common Culprits in Your Mouth
One frequent cause of discomfort between teeth is the development of interproximal cavities. These areas of decay form on the surfaces where teeth touch, often making them difficult to detect without dental X-rays. As the decay erodes the tooth’s enamel and progresses into the inner layers, such as the dentin, it can lead to sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli, or a constant toothache. Food particles can also become trapped in these cavities, exacerbating the pain.
Another common issue is gum inflammation, known as gingivitis or periodontitis. When plaque and bacteria accumulate between teeth and along the gumline, the gums can become red, swollen, and tender. This inflammation can cause pain, especially during brushing or flossing, and may lead to bleeding gums. If left unaddressed, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can damage the tissues and bone supporting the teeth.
Food impaction, where food particles become tightly wedged between teeth, can also cause immediate and sharp pain. This can occur due to the natural shape of teeth, tight spaces, or gaps. If not removed, trapped food can irritate the gums, leading to localized inflammation, or contribute to the formation of cavities. Persistent food impaction in the same area can indicate an underlying dental problem, such as a gap or a cracked tooth.
Structural and Sensitivity Issues
Sometimes, the pain between teeth stems from structural problems within the teeth themselves, such as a cracked tooth. Even a hairline crack, which may not be visible, can cause pain when chewing or when the tooth is exposed to temperature changes. If the crack extends into the area between teeth, the pain can be felt specifically in that interproximal space.
Tooth sensitivity and exposed roots frequently contribute to pain between teeth. Gums can recede due to factors like aggressive brushing, gum disease, or even aging, exposing the softer root surfaces that lack the protective enamel layer found on the tooth crown. When these sensitive root surfaces are exposed, stimuli like cold air, hot liquids, or sweet foods can trigger a sharp, sudden pain.
Old or damaged dental work can also be a source of pain that feels like it’s coming from between teeth. A failing or cracked filling or crown on an adjacent tooth can allow bacteria to enter, leading to new decay or irritation. This issue can cause discomfort that radiates, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact tooth.
Beyond the Immediate Area
Pain perceived between teeth can sometimes originate from sources outside the direct interdental space, a phenomenon known as referred pain. Teeth grinding or clenching, medically termed bruxism, is a common example. This unconscious habit, often occurring during sleep, places immense pressure on the teeth and surrounding structures. Chronic grinding can lead to generalized tooth pain, which might feel concentrated between specific teeth, along with jaw soreness, headaches, and worn enamel.
Sinus issues, particularly inflammation or infection in the maxillary sinuses, can cause referred pain that mimics a toothache. These sinuses are located directly above the upper back teeth. When they become inflamed, the pressure can radiate downwards, causing a dull, throbbing pain in the upper molars that might be perceived as coming from between the teeth. Sinus-related tooth pain often worsens when bending over or moving the head quickly.
Disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jawbone to the skull, can also manifest as referred pain in the teeth. Issues with this joint, such as inflammation or muscle strain, can cause discomfort that radiates to various parts of the face, including the teeth. This pain can be dull or sharp and may be accompanied by jaw clicking or difficulty opening the mouth.
What to Do About the Pain
For temporary relief from pain between teeth, rinse with warm salt water to reduce inflammation and dislodge trapped food. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can also help manage discomfort. Carefully flossing around the affected area may dislodge food debris.
While these measures offer temporary comfort, professional dental care is often necessary. Seek an immediate dental visit if you experience severe, persistent pain, swelling in the gums or face, fever, or difficulty eating. These symptoms can indicate a more serious underlying issue, such as an infection or abscess, which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment by a dentist.
Keeping Your Teeth Pain-Free
Consistent oral hygiene habits are paramount for preventing pain between teeth. This includes brushing your teeth thoroughly twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily. Flossing is particularly important for cleaning the interproximal spaces where toothbrushes cannot reach effectively, removing food particles and plaque that can lead to cavities and gum inflammation. Using an antimicrobial mouthwash can also help reduce bacteria and maintain gum health.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are fundamental preventive measures. Dentists can identify and address issues like interproximal cavities or early signs of gum disease before they cause significant pain. Routine examinations also allow for early detection of structural problems, such as minor cracks, or assessment of existing dental work.
Dietary habits play a role in oral health. Limiting the consumption of sugary and acidic foods and drinks helps prevent tooth decay and enamel erosion, which can contribute to sensitivity and pain.
For individuals who grind or clench their teeth, wearing a nightguard can significantly reduce pressure on the teeth and jaw. A custom-fitted nightguard cushions the teeth, preventing wear and tear and alleviating associated pain and jaw discomfort.