Many people describe the feeling after a sneeze as pleasant, even euphoric, a brief but intense moment of relief. This common sensation often sparks curiosity about its underlying biological reasons. This article explores the scientific mechanisms that contribute to the good feeling associated with sneezing.
The Sneeze Reflex: A Necessary Expulsion
A sneeze is an involuntary reflex designed to clear irritants from the nasal passages. This forceful expulsion of air occurs when sensitive mucous membranes lining the nose detect foreign particles. Common triggers include dust, pollen, animal dander, or strong odors.
When these irritants stimulate nerve endings in the nose, signals travel to the brainstem, which controls automatic bodily functions. The brainstem then orchestrates a complex sequence of muscular contractions throughout the respiratory system. This coordinated effort ensures the efficient removal of offending particles, protecting the respiratory tract.
The Build-Up and The Burst of Relief
Before a sneeze erupts, there is often a noticeable period of escalating tension and anticipation. This pre-sneeze sensation typically begins with a tickle or irritation deep within the nasal cavity, signaling the body’s need to clear the airways. As the reflex prepares, pressure builds rapidly within the head and chest.
This mounting pressure can feel increasingly uncomfortable, creating a physical demand for release. When the sneeze finally bursts forth, expelling air at high speeds, it provides an immediate and profound sense of relief. This sudden reduction of internal pressure is a significant contributor to the pleasant feeling, as the body transitions from tension to relaxation. This physical release is often perceived as deeply satisfying.
Neurotransmitters and the Brain’s Reward System
The pleasant sensation following a sneeze involves more than just physical relief; it also has a neurobiological basis. The act of sneezing activates the parasympathetic nervous system, responsible for the body’s “rest and digest” functions. This activation helps to promote a sense of calm and relaxation.
The brain’s reward system also plays a significant role in generating the pleasurable feeling. When the body successfully expels an irritant and alleviates building tension, the brain may release certain neurotransmitters. Endorphins, natural pain relievers and mood elevators, are likely candidates, as their release is associated with feelings of well-being. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and motivation, could also be involved.
The successful completion of this necessary bodily function, combined with the sudden relief of physical discomfort, can trigger this reward response. This neurochemical release helps explain why sneezing often concludes with a distinct feeling of satisfaction. The brain essentially rewards the body for effectively performing a protective reflex.