Hydrogen peroxide is a common household product found in many medicine cabinets, often used for cleaning minor cuts and scrapes or as a mouth rinse. When used orally, many individuals report experiencing a distinct burning or stinging sensation.
The Chemical Reaction Behind the Burn
The sensation of burning or tingling in the mouth when using hydrogen peroxide stems from a specific chemical reaction. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an unstable compound that readily breaks down when it comes into contact with organic matter, such as the tissues and fluids in the mouth. Human cells, including those in the mouth, contain an enzyme called catalase, which rapidly catalyzes H2O2’s decomposition into water (H2O) and oxygen gas (O2) upon interaction. The swift release of oxygen manifests as the characteristic foaming and bubbling often observed when hydrogen peroxide is applied. This rapid effervescence and the mechanical action of the oxygen bubbles on the oral tissues are what create the perceived “burn” or tingling sensation, rather than a thermal burn.
Is the Burning Normal?
A mild, temporary foaming or tingling sensation in the mouth is typically a normal and expected part of hydrogen peroxide’s action. This sensation usually subsides quickly after rinsing the mouth thoroughly with water. When used at appropriate concentrations, this tingling is not indicative of tissue damage. The fizzing action is simply a sign that the hydrogen peroxide is reacting with enzymes present in the oral cavity. It is a brief effervescent feeling that fades quickly once the product is expelled from the mouth.
When to Be Concerned
While a mild, temporary sensation is normal, certain signs indicate a more severe reaction or potential tissue damage. Prolonged or intense pain that does not subside after rinsing is a cause for concern. Visible changes such as significant redness, swelling, or the appearance of white patches on the oral mucosa can signal a chemical burn or tissue sloughing. Other red flags include blistering, ulcerations, or difficulty swallowing. If any of these more severe symptoms occur, it is advisable to seek prompt professional medical or dental advice, as improper use (such as undiluted solutions or prolonged contact) can lead to these adverse effects.
Safe Usage and Relief Measures
For oral use, the common household 3% hydrogen peroxide solution should be diluted with water to a safe concentration. A generally recommended dilution is mixing one part 3% hydrogen peroxide with one part water (1.5% solution), or one part 3% hydrogen peroxide with two parts water (1% solution). It is crucial to avoid swallowing the solution, as ingestion can lead to stomach upset or more serious gastrointestinal problems. The rinse should be swished in the mouth for a short duration, typically 30 to 60 seconds, and then spit out. If the burning sensation becomes too strong, immediately rinse the mouth thoroughly with plain water; for individuals who find hydrogen peroxide too irritating even with proper dilution, safer alternatives for oral hygiene include saltwater rinses.