Experiencing a bitter taste in your mouth can be a perplexing symptom of COVID-19. While changes in taste and smell are widely recognized as common indicators of COVID-19, the sensation of bitterness can be unsettling. This article explores the nature of this bitter taste, the scientific reasons behind its occurrence, and practical approaches for managing and recovering from it.
Describing Bitter Taste with COVID
The bitter taste associated with COVID-19 often presents as a persistent, unpleasant sensation, making normally enjoyable foods and drinks unpalatable. Some individuals describe it as a metallic or chemical taste, similar to nickels, which may be constant or emerge after consuming certain items. This differs from a complete loss of taste (ageusia) or a general reduction in taste (hypogeusia).
This bitter sensation is a form of dysgeusia, a distortion or alteration of taste. It can manifest as an unprompted bitter flavor or be triggered by foods that typically taste sweet, salty, or savory. This taste alteration has been reported by some COVID-19 patients.
The Science Behind Taste Changes
The exact mechanisms by which COVID-19 causes taste alterations, including a bitter taste, are still being investigated, but current understanding points to several possibilities. The SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with ACE2 receptors on cells in the mouth and tongue. This interaction may directly affect taste receptor cells or the nerve endings involved in taste perception.
Inflammatory responses triggered by the viral infection can also indirectly influence taste. When the body fights off an infection, it releases inflammatory molecules that can disrupt the normal functioning of taste buds and associated neural pathways. Nasal congestion is another contributing factor, as the sense of smell is closely linked to taste perception. Inflammation and dryness in the nasal passages due to congestion can impair flavor perception, potentially leading to a bitter sensation.
Managing and Recovering from Taste Changes
Managing a bitter taste from COVID-19 often involves dietary adjustments and consistent oral hygiene. Choosing foods with strong flavors, such as those with herbs, spices, or sauces, may help mask the unpleasant taste. Some individuals find relief by incorporating sweet elements like honey or sugar into foods or drinks, or by opting for low-salt varieties if a salty or metallic taste is also present. Using non-metallic cutlery, such as plastic, might also reduce a metallic sensation.
Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and rinsing with water, can help alleviate a dry mouth, which can worsen a bitter taste. The duration of taste changes varies; some may regain normal taste within a few weeks, while for others, it might take several months. While generally temporary, persistence of taste issues for an extended period, such as eight weeks or longer, warrants consultation with a healthcare professional.