A burst blood vessel in the eye, medically termed a subconjunctival hemorrhage, occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just beneath the clear surface of the eye, known as the conjunctiva. This condition results in a red spot on the white part of the eye. Despite its often alarming appearance, a subconjunctival hemorrhage is generally harmless.
Understanding the Appearance
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically manifests as a bright red patch on the white part of the eye, called the sclera. This patch often has well-defined edges, making the blood trapped under the clear conjunctiva quite visible. It does not usually affect vision, nor does it cause pain, itching, or discharge from the eye.
Common Causes
A subconjunctival hemorrhage often results from activities that cause a sudden, temporary increase in pressure within the tiny blood vessels of the eye. Common actions include forceful coughing, vigorous sneezing, or straining during a bowel movement or heavy lifting. Vomiting can also lead to a burst blood vessel due to increased pressure. Minor eye trauma, such as rubbing the eye too hard or an accidental poke, can also be a cause.
Certain medical conditions and medications can increase the likelihood of these hemorrhages. Individuals with high blood pressure or diabetes may be more susceptible. Blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin or aspirin, also increase susceptibility. In many instances, a specific cause for the hemorrhage cannot be identified, and it occurs spontaneously.
When to Be Concerned
While most subconjunctival hemorrhages are benign, certain accompanying symptoms or circumstances warrant medical attention. Seek professional advice if the red patch is associated with eye pain, changes in vision such as blurriness or double vision, or any discharge from the eye. A visit to an eye care professional is also advisable if you have a history of recent significant eye trauma, even if the hemorrhage initially seems isolated.
Recurrent hemorrhages that occur without an obvious cause should also be evaluated by a doctor. Furthermore, if you have a known bleeding disorder, such as hemophilia, or uncontrolled high blood pressure, and experience a subconjunctival hemorrhage, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.
Healing and What to Expect
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically heals on its own without specific treatment. The blood reabsorbs naturally over time, much like a bruise on the skin. The healing process usually takes about one to two weeks for the blood to clear, though larger spots may take slightly longer.
As the blood reabsorbs, the color of the patch may change from bright red to brown or yellow, similar to a fading bruise. Artificial tears can be used to alleviate any mild scratchy sensation in the eye, but other eye drops are generally not needed unless prescribed for an underlying condition. It is best to avoid rubbing the eye during the healing period.